repente effusi– a sudden shower.
tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci– to meet with good weather.
calor se frangit (opp. increscit) – the heat is abating.
sol ardet, urit– the sun burns, scorches.
ardore solis torreri– to be dried up by the sun's heat.
tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut– the frost set in so severely that…
frigore (gelu) rigere, torpere– to be numb with cold.
frigore confici– to freeze to death.
aestus et frigoris patientem esse– to be able to bear heat and cold.
tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque (Liv. 1. 16) – a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder.
caelum tonitru contremit– the heavens are shaken by the thunder.
fulmina 13 micant– the lightning flashes.
fulmen locum tetigit– the lightning has struck somewhere.
fulmine tangi, ici– to be struck by lightning.
de caelo tangi, percuti– to be struck by lightning.
fulmine ictus– struck by lightning.
eruptiones ignium Aetnaeorum– an eruption of Etna.
Vesuvius evomit (more strongly eructat) ignes– Vesuvius is discharging flame.
venti ab ortu solis flant– the east winds are blowing.
II. Space and Time
1. Points of the Compass – Situation
spectare in (vergere ad) orientem (solem), occidentem 14 (solem), ad meridiem, in septentriones– to lie to the east, west, south, north.
spectare inter occasum solis et septentriones– to be situate to the north-west.
Germania quae or Germaniae ea pars quae, ad orientem, occidentem vergit– eastern, western Germany.
est a septentrionibus collis– a hill lies to the north.
situs loci– the situation of a place.
natura loci– the natural position of a place.
opportunitas loci (B. G. 3. 14) – the advantageous situation of a place.
opportuno loco situm or positum esse– to be favourably situated.
urbs situ ad aspectum praeclara est– the city is very beautifully situated.
oppidum mari adiacet– the town lies near the sea.
villa tangit viam– the country-house stands near the road.
oppidum colli impositum est– the town stands on rising ground.
oppidum monti subiectum est– the town lies at the foot of a mountain.
promunturium in mare procurrit– a promontory juts out into the sea.
paeninsula in mare excurrit, procurrit– a peninsula projects into the sea.
promunturium superare– to double a cape.
urbs in sinu sita est– the city is situate on a bay.
2. Boundary – Territory – Distance
tangere, attingere terram– to be contiguous, adjacent to a country.
finitimum 15 esse terrae– to be contiguous, adjacent to a country.
continentem esse terrae or cum terra (Fam. 15. 2. 2) – to have the same boundaries; to be coterminous.
Gallia Rhodano continetur (vid. sect. V. 4., note contineri aliqua re…) – Gaul is bounded by the Rhone.16
Rhodanus Sequanos ab Helvetiis dividit– the Rhone.17 is the frontier between the Helvetii and the Sequani.
fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre– to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom.
(ex) finibus excedere– to evacuate territory.
in Sequanis– in the country of the Sequani.
in Sequanos proficisci– to invade the territory of the Sequani.
porrigi ad septentriones– to stretch northwards.
haec gens pertinet usque ad Rhenum– the territory of this race extends as far as the Rhine.
in latitudinem, in longitudinem patere– to extend in breadth, in length.
late patere 18 (also metaphorically vid. sect. VIII. 8) – to have a wide extent.
imperium orbis terrarum terminis definitur– the empire reaches to the ends of the world.
longe, procul abesse ab urbe– to be far from town.
prope (propius, proxime) abesse– to be not far away.
paribus intervallis distare– to be equidistant.
tantundem viae est– the road is the same length.
longo spatio, intervallo interiecto– at a great distance.
intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse– to be separated by an immense interval of space and time.
a mille passibus– a mile away.
e longinquo– from a distance.
loca longinqua– distant places.
ultimae terrae– the most distant countries, the world's end.
extremae terrae partes– the most distant countries, the world's end.
longinquae nationes– distant nations.
3. Road – Travel
viam sternere (silice, saxo)– to pave a road.
substruere
Used sometimes figuratively, e.g.
"The east" and "the west" =
Transcriber's Note: the English original says "Gaul is bounded by the Rhine" which is wrong as can be seen both from the Latin expression and the original German edition.
Transcriber's Note: In the original book Auden translates
