Can Neuropathic Abnormalities Be Demonstrated in Patients Who Do not Fulfill Minimum Criteria for Diabetic Polyneuropathy?
Severity of Neuropathic Symptoms
Continuous Measures of Neuropathic Impairment
Composite Scores for Diabetic Polyneuropathy Severity
Staging Severity of Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Classification of the Diabetic Neuropathies
P.K. Thomas
Hyperglycemic Neuropathy
Diabetic Distal Sensory or Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy
Acute Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Autonomic Neuropathy
Acute Motor Neuropathy
Focal and Multifocal Neuropathies
Cranial Neuropathies
Thoracolumbar Radiculoneuropathy
Proximal Diabetic Neuropathy
Focal Limb Nerve Lesions
Superimposed Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Hypoglycemic Neuropathy
Diabetic Sensorimotor Neuropathy: Methods of Assessment
Electrophysiologic Testing
V. Bril
Introduction to Electrophysiology
Nerve Conduction Studies in Neuropathies: An Overview
Axonal Neuropathies: Diabetic Neuropathy as the Prototype
Methodology
Limitations
Summary
Quantitative Sensory Testing
J.C. Arezzo
Introduction
Pathophysiology Underlying the Elevation of Sensory Thresholds
Methodology
Vibration Perception Threshold
Thermal Perception Threshold
Simple Devices
Epidemiologic Studies and Multicenter Clinical Trials
Limitations of QST in the Assessment of Diabetic Neuropathy
Motor Function
H. Andersen and J. Jakobsen
Introduction
Muscle Strength
Visualization and Quantification of Striated Muscle
Conclusions
Unmyelinated Nerves: Skin Biopsy and Skin Blister Methods
W.R. Kennedy and G. Wendelschafer-Crabb
Introduction
Biopsy/Blister Procedures, Staining, and Imaging
Quantitation of Nerves in a Skin Biopsy and Blister
Cutaneous Nerves in Diabetic Neuropathy
Advantages of Skin Biopsy/Blister Methods
When and Where to Biopsy/Blister
ENF Density and Sensation
Conclusion
Diabetic Sensorimotor Neuropathy: Clinical Features
Symmetric Distal Polyneuropathy
B. Neundürfer and P.K. Thomas
Definition
Clinical Picture
Differential Diagnosis
Focal and Multifocal Neuropathies
P.K. Thomas
Cranial Neuropathies
Diabetic Truncal Radiculoneuropathy
Lumbosacral Radiculoplexus Neuropathy
Focal or Multifocal Limb Neuropathies
Treatment
Central Diabetic Neuropathy
G.J. Biessels and W.H. Gispen
Cognitive Functioning
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes, Hyperinsulinemia, and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in the Elderly
Neurophysiology Findings
Evoked Potentials
Event-Related Potentials
Structural Cerebral Changes
Pathobiochemistry
Links with Peripheral Neuropathy
Interaction with Brain Aging
Cerebrovascular Alterations
Clinical Management
Diabetic Sensorimotor Neuropathy: Treatment
Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain
P.K. Thomas
Pain in Distal Focal or Multifocal Diabetic Neuropathy
Pain in Diabetic Polyneuropathy
