The Complete Guide to Japanese Kanji. Kenneth G. Henshall
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四月 SHIGATSU April
四日 yokka fourth day
四回 yonKAI four times
OBI and many bronze examples represent ‘four’ using four horizontal strokes
Mnemonic: FOUR FINGERS IN CLENCHED FIST
29
L3
糸
SHI, ito
thread
6 strokes
製糸 SEISHI silk making
毛糸 keito woollen yarn
糸巻 itomaki thread-reel
OBI forms show single thread
Mnemonic: SKEIN OF TWISTED THREAD
30
L4
字
JI
letter, symbol
6 strokes
字引 JIbiki dictionary
赤字 akaJI ‘in the red’, deficit
数字 SŪJI digit, number
Earliest forms such as
Mnemonic: A CHILD AT HOME LEARNING LETTERS
31
L5
耳
JI, mimi
ear
6 strokes
耳科 JIKA otology
耳鳴り miminari tinnitus
耳飾り mimikazari earring
OBI
Mnemonic: POINTED EAR
32
L5
七
SHICHI, nana-
seven
2 strokes
七月 SHICHIGATSU July
七日 nanoka* seventh day
七重 nanae seven-fold
Derives from OBI and bronze graph similar to modern ‘ten’ 十 35 for a cut bone, the curve coming later. In early Chinese ‘cut’ and ‘seven’ had a similar pronunciation, and so the graph was borrowed to represent ‘seven’. SS1984:387; TS2010:3; AS2007:419,312.
Mnemonic: BADLY WRITTEN TEN: ONLY WORTH SEVEN
33
L5
車
SHA, kuruma
vehicle
7 strokes
電車 DENSHA train
洗車場 SENSHAJŌ carwash
手車 teguruma handcart
Based on a pictograph of a two-wheeled chariot. OBI
Mnemonic: CHARIOT WITH TWO WHEELS
34
L5
手
SHU, te
hand
4 strokes
手段 SHUDAN means
手袋 tebukuro gloves
上手 JŌZU* skill
Bronze form shows five-fingered hand
Mnemonic: HAND WITH FIVE FINGERS BUT THE MIDDLE ONE BENT
35
L5
十
JŪ, tō
ten
2 strokes
十月 JŪGATSU October
十日 tōka tenth day
十字 JŪJI a cross
Etymology disputed. Katō sees early (bronze) forms of one vertical stroke, often with a small swelling halfway down, as showing a needle, later borrowed phonetically for ‘ten’: Mizukami is in agreement. The protrusion became a horizontal stroke. Shirakawa, by contrast, interprets 十 as a wooden counting stick. It has also been interpreted as a knotted rope. KJ1970:50; SS1984:50; TS2010:4; MS1995:v1:164-5.