PRIMARY CARE
COMLEX Level I
Dr. Jahan Eftekar
Northwestern Medical Review
P.O. Box 22174, Lansing, Michigan 48909
NOTICE
This book is primarily intended to accompany live or online video prep courses of Northwestern Medical Review.
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ISBN-13: 978-0-9960-9240-1
Note to the Reader: This book is primarily intended as a courseware for Northwestern Medical Review Step I USMLE and Level I COMLEX courses. All materials presented are carefully reviewed for correctness, and revisions are made on annual basis to ensure current and correct information. The author, publisher and Northwestern Medical Review do not make any guarantee, expressed or implied regarding the materials contained in this book.
USMLE is the trademark of NBME and COMLEX is trademark of NBOME.
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
This book is yours. It is your companion for the boards. Until your exam is over, you would be smart to have it handy — in your backpack, in your jacket or in your pocket. You can read it anywhere — on the bus, on the train, on the plane, and even in the rain.
This book has no beginning and no end. Each part is both dependent and independent on the other parts. You can start it anywhere— at the beginning, in the middle or at the end. You can open it at anytime — early morning, midday or at the end of the day. You may write on it, draw on it, and add to it—and you may do so as your heart desires.
It will tell you how much you have learned and what you have yet to learn. The more you wear it, the more you tear it and the more you cover it, the more you will earn it.
And when it is all over, you will remember that you had one companion all the way—the one that was there for you every day.
Dr. Jahan Eftekar
Northwestern Medical Review
Keyboard Associations of Pathophysiology
Pathophysiological Melodies
We have coined the term “Keyboards” for those keywords or buzzwords that are associated with key tested pathophysiological conditions. If you see or hear them on the exam, they will strongly remind you of (memories of) particular basic science conditions.
We have selected the strongest melodies and keynotes for this purpose. It would not, however, be a bad idea if as part of your preparation for the exam, you can add on your own melodies to the list. After all, melodies that will elicit a strong thought in you may be different from those that affect other people.
1. CARDIAC PATHOLOGY
Rheumatic Fever
•Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus
•Pancarditis
•Aschoff bodies
•Valve verrucae
•Chorda tendineae thickening and fusion
•Sydenham’s chorea
•MacCallam’s plaque (Left Atrium)
•Migratory Polyarthritis
•Erythema marginatum
•Elevated ASO
•Fish Mouth (buttonhole deformity)
Coarctation Of Aorta
•Around or on ductus arteriosus site
•Turner’s Syndrome
•Dilatation of intercostal arteries
•Hypertension—upper extremities
•Left ventricular hypertrophy
•Distal Aortic Arch
•Elevated renin / angiotensin
Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis
•IV Drug Use
•Young men without predisposing cardiac lesion
Non-Bacterial Endocarditis (Marantic)
•Systemic malignancy
•Valve Surfaces
•Non-septic peripheral emboli
Libman-Sachs Endocarditis
•Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
•Mitral and tricuspid valves
•Fibrinoid necrosis
Cor Pulmonale
•Right ventricular dilatation
•Severe Lung disease with pulmonary hypertension
•Elevated CK-MB
•LDH flipped fraction I > 2
•Abdominal aortic aneurysm
•Hypertrophy of muscular pulmonary arteries
Atrial Myxoma
•Left
