Primary Care for COMLEX Level 1. Dr. Jahan Eftekar

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Syndrome

      •Occlusion of inferior vena cava

      •Central lobular hepatic necrosis

      •Congestive liver disease

      •Polycythemia vera

      3. HEMATOLOGY AND ANEMIA

      Hereditary Spherocytosis

      •Spectrin defect

      •Increased RBC Brittleness

      •Increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

      Glucose 6-Phosphate

      Dehydrogenase Deficiency

      •Antimalarial induced hemolysis

      •X-linked

      •Episodic and acute

      •Mediterranean heritage + Blacks

      •Sulfa drugs induced hemolysis

      •Fava beans

      •Intravascular hemolysis

      Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

      •Autosomal recessive

      •Chronic anemia, non-episodic

      •Non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia

      Sickle Cell Anemia

      •Substitution of VAL for glutamic acid

      •Afro-Americans

      •Resistance to malaria

      •Small spleen in adults

      •Pigment gallstones

      •Chronic leg ulcers

      •Painful occlusion of vessels

      β-Thalassemia

      •Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) increases

      •Hemosiderosis

      •Mediterranean anemia

      •Microcytosis, hypochromia

      •Splenomegaly

      α-Thalassemia

      •HbA₂

      •Hb Bart in fetal life

      •Southeast Asia

      Megaloblastic Anemia

      •B₁₂ or Folate deficiency

      •Pancytopenia

      •Oval Macrocytosis

      •Increased MCV

      •Increased MCH

      Pernicious Anemia

      •B12 deficiency (megaloblastic)

      •Anti-intrinsic factor

      •Gastric fundus

      •Gastric carcinoma

      •Abnormal Schilling Test

      •Lemon/yellow skin coloration

      Folate Deficiency

      (Megaloblastic)

      •Chronic Alcoholism

      •Pregnancy

      •Giardia lamblia

      •Cancer chemotherapy

      •Spina bifida of fetus

      Hemolytic Anemia

      •Increased Serum Bilirubin

      •Pigmented Gallstones

      •Reticulocytosis

      •Decreased Haptoglobin

      Warm Antibody Autoimmune

      Hemolytic Anemia

      •IgG auto-antibodies

      •Positive Coombs test

      •Spherocytosis

      •Secondary to Hodgkin’s

      Cold Agglutinin Anemia

      •Anti-I-antibody

      •Lymphoid neoplasms

      •Cold weather

      •Jaundice

      4. HEMATOPOEITIC AND LYMPHOID DISORDERS

      Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

      •Bilateral hilar Adenopathy

      •Young adult men

      •Reed-Sternberg Cells (Eosinophilic Giant Cells)

      •Stage I-IV

      •Elevated erythrocytic sedimentation rate

      •Lymphopenia

      Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

      •B-cells

      •Malignancy

      •Lymph node adenopathy

      •Elevated LDH

      •“Starry sky”

      •Splenomegaly

      Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

      •Male children

      •Mediastinal mass

      •T-cell type

      Burkitt’s Lymphoma

      •Non-nucleated cells

      •High grade B-cell lymphoma

      •Starry-Sky

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