•Hepatitis B, cirrhosis
•Aflatoxin B
•Alpha-fetoprotein marker
•Alcoholism
•Low serum albumin
•Increased PT, Ascites
•Wilson disease
Angiosarcoma
•Vinyl chloride
•Thorotrast
•Arsenic
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
•Mallory’s hyaline—cytokeratin filament
•Fatty liver changes
•Focal necrosis
Wilson’s Disease
•Autosomal recessive
•Kayser-Fleischer rings, cornea
•Hepatolenticular degeneration
•Copper accumulation, liver
•Low ceruloplasmin
•Chromosome 13, band q14.3
Hemochromatosis
•Iron absorption defect
•Cirrhosis
•Bronze diabetes
•Steatorrhea
•Skin pigmentation
α-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
•Barrel-shaped chest
•RT ventricular hypertrophy
•Obstructive pattern
•Panacinar emphysema-lower lobe
•Cirrhosis
Chronic Pancreatitis
•40+ men
•Alcoholism
•Steatorrhea
•Epigastric pain
•High serum amylase and lipase
•Cystic fibrosis
Acute Pancreatitis
•Male
•Alcoholism
•Mid epigastric pain
•Increased Amylase, SGOT, LDH
•Hypocalcemia
•Gall stones
Cholangiocarcinoma
•Intrahepatic biliary epithelium
•Clonorchis sinensis
Diabetes Mellitus
•Type I=IDDM; Juvenile, weight loss, no insulin synthesis
•Type II=NIDDM, Adult, weight gain, insulin resistance
•Glycosylation of hemoglobin protein
•Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule in kidney glomerulus
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
•Trousseau’s sign
•Painless jaundice
•Palpable gall bladder
•Hyper-coagulopathy
•Pruritus
•Increased bilirubin, dark urine
•Increased alkaline phosphatase
•Diabetes, and chronic pancreatitis
•Ki-ras oncogen
Gastrinoma
•Hypergastrinemia
•Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
9. KIDNEY AND URINARY SYSTEM
Adult Polycystic Kidney
•Autosomal dominance
•15-30 years age
•Berry Aneurysm
•Hematuria
•Polycystic liver disease
•Hypertension
•Chromosome 16
•Mitral prolapse
Infantile Polycystic Kidney
•Autosomal recessive
•Hepatic fibrosis
•Closed cysts
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
•Elevated ASO
•Intense inflammation
•Lumpy-bumpy immunofluorescence
Goodpasture’s Syndrome
•Men mid-20’s
•Glomerulonephritis
•Linear IgG at basal membrane
•Pulmonary hemorrhage
•Hematuria
Lipoid Nephrosis
•Very young children
•Fusion of foot processes
•Normal glomerulus (light microscopy)
•Lipid-laden renal cortices
Nephrotic Syndrome
•Edema
