•Increased LDH
•Intracellular yeasts
•Pulmonary lesions, late calcification
Coccidiodomycosis
•California
•Desert
Cryptococcus
•Capsule
•India Ink
•Meningitis-AIDS
Asthma
•Expiratory Wheezing
•IgE mediated
•Thickened basement membrane
•Eosinophils
•Charcot Leyden crystals
•Curschmann’s spirals
Pulmonary Emboli
•V/Q scan mismatch
•Immobilized post op
•Wedge-shaped infarct
•Deep vain thrombosis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
•Hypercalcemia
•Ectopic PTH
•Nose and larynx, malignant
•Men 40+
Adenocarcinoma
•AKA. Non-small cell, and large cell
•75% of all bronchiogenic carcinomas
•Scar carcinoma
Oat Cell Carcinoma
•Cigarette
•Ectopic ACTH and ADH
•Poor prognosis
•Chemotherapy only
•Horner’s syndrome
•Nail clubbing
ARDS
•Diffuse alveolar lesions
•Hyaline membranes
•Atelectasis and hemorrhage
•Hypoxia
•Leukocytosis and neutrophilia
•Increased BUN, AST and ALT
•“Bat Wing Alveoli”
•Gram negative sepsis, DIC, and trauma
Emphysema
•Smoking
•Barrel chest
•Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
Bronchitis
•Hypertrophy of submucosal glands
•Smoking
•Blue bloaters
•Cor pulmonale
Sarcoidosis
•Boeck’s sarcoid
•Elevated ACE
•Hyper calcemia
•Non-caseating Granulomas
•Arthritis
Malignant Mesothelioma
•Poor prognosis
•Polycythemia
•Restrictive pattern
•Asbestos materials (Asbestos = Ferruginous body)
7. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Reflux Esophagitis
•Squamous epithelium
•Columnar metaplasia
•Barrett’s esophagus = Adeno-carcinoma
•Rat-tailed lower esophagus
Achalasia
•Lower esophageal sphincter
•Difficult swallowing
•Lack of ganglions in Myenteric plexus
Esophageal Varices
•Nodular hepatomegaly
•Increased alkaline phosphatase
•Increased ALT and AST
•Upper GI hemorrhage
•Cirrhosis
•Portal hypertension
Mallory-Weiss Tears
•Upper GI hemorrhage
•Alcoholism
•Prolonged vomiting
Menetrier’s Disease
•Giant gastritis
•Gastric rugal hypertrophy
•Protein wasting
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
•Japanese population
•Men 50+, blood group A
•Linitis plastica
Krukenberg’s Tumor
•Bilateral ovarian metastasis
•Gastric carcinoma
•Signet-ring cells
Yersinia
