•Mesenteric adenitis
Vibrio Cholera
•Rice water stool
•Increased GI Pumping of Cl- and water
Giardia Lamblia
•Duodenum
•Intestinal malabsorption
Cryptosporidiosis
•AIDS
•Colitis, gastroenteritis
•Intestinal malabsorption
Celiac Disease
•Cereals
•Blunting of small intestinal villi
•B-cell lymphoma
•Growth retardation
•Gluten sensitivity
Amebiasis
•Large bowel, cecum
•Flask-shaped ulcers
•Brain-liver abscesses
Pseudomembraneous Colitis
•Due to antimicrobials
•Clostridium difficile
Ulcerative Colitis
•Young adults
•Large bowel
•Crypts abscess
•Pseudopolyps
•Mucosal/submucosal inflammation
Crohn’s Disease
•Jewish young adults (20-30)
•Granulomas
•Transmural inflammation
•Cobblestones
•String sign
•Fistulas
Villous Adenoma
•Cauliflower shape
•Rectum
•Protein losing enteropathy
Tubular Adenoma
•Colonal lesions
•Most common
•Small and pedunculated
Adenocarcinoma
•Iron deficiency anemia
•Apple-core lesions
•CEA elevation in serum
Meckel’s Diverticulum
•Vitelline duct remnant
•Intussusception and volvulus
•Distal small intestine
Colonal Carcinoma
•Men 60-70
•Adenocarcinoma
•CEA antigen
Hirschsprung’s Disease
•Congenital megacolon
•Lack of ganglion cells (Meissner and Auerbach)
•No meconium
•Colonic dilatation proximal to aganglionic segment
Familial Polyposis
•100% risk of malignant transformation
•Autosomal dominance
8. LIVER AND PANCREAS
Hepatitis B
•Parenteral, sexual and vertical transmission
•Acidophil (Councilman) body
•Ground glass hepatocytes
•Apoptosis
•Hepatocellular carcinoma
•ALT > AST
Hepatitis A
•Fecal-oral transmission
•Direct hyperbilirubinemia
•Incubation: 14 - 21 days
•ALT > AST
Hepatitis C
•Blood transfusion
•Proliferative glomerulonephritis
Reye’s Syndrome
•Young children
•Encephalopathy and coma
•Flu-like illness;
•Chicken pox and Influenza
•Aspirin ingestion
•Fatty Liver
Primary Billiary Cirrhosis
•Autoimmune
•Middle-aged women
•Antimitochondrial antibody
•Severe obstructive jaundice
Chronic Passive Congestion
•Right heart failure
•Nutmeg liver
Hepatic Adenoma
•Subcapsular and intraperitoneal hemorrhage
•Oral contraceptives
Hepatocellular
