Nanotechnology in Plant Growth Promotion and Protection. Группа авторов

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n.a. Mean germination time loweredGermination percentage improved Feizi et al. (2013a) 15, 25, 32 Linum usitatissimum, 24 h seed germination, 48 h root biomass, 72 h root biomass, and length n.a. 100 mg/L (25 and 32 nm only) 0.01−100 mg/L Inhibition of germinationDecrease in root length and biomassIncrease in root growth and germination (25 and 32 nm only) Clément et al. (2013) 27 Solanum lycopersicum, 48 h 50–5000 mg/L n.a. n.a. No effect on germination Song et al. (2013) 35 Pisum sativum, 24 h 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg/L n.a. n.a. No effect on the germination Fan et al. (2014) 25 ^a Nicotiana tabacum, 21 days n.a. n.a. 1000, 10 000 mg/L Decrease in root lengthChanges in microRNA expression Frazier et al. (2014) 25 ^a Hordeum vulgare 7 days 500, 1000 mg/L n.a. 2000 mg/L Elevated reactive oxygen species within plant Mattiello et al. (2015) 23 ^a Allium cepa, Avena sativa, Brassica oleracea capitate, Cucumis sativus, Daucus carota, Glycine max, Lactuca sativa, Lolium perenne, Solanum lycopersicum, Zea mays, 24 h + variable time period 250, 500, 1000 mg/L 250 mg/L (B. oleracea) 500 mg/L (B. oleracea, A. cepa) 1000 mg/L (A, sativa, C. sativus, A. cepa) 250 mg/L (C. sativus, G. max, Z. mays) 500 mg/L (A. sativa, Z. mays) 1000 mg/L (C. sativus, Z. mays) Decreased or increased germination (4 species)Decreased or increased cotyledon presence (4 species)Decreased or increased average root length (6 species) Andersen et al. (2016) 21, 10 nm and 10 000 nm nanowire Sinapis alba, 72 h 10, 100, 1000 mg/L n.a. n.a. No effect on germination Landa et al. (2016) <10, <100 Vicia faba, 72 h n.a. 50 mg/L (<10 nm) 50 mg/L (<100 nm) Stimulation of germination process (<10 nm)Oxidative stress, genotoxicity (<100 nm) Ruffini Castiglione et al. (2016)

      n.a: Not available

      ^a Both seed treatment and prolonged exposure.

Table 2.2 Influence of TiO₂ nanoparticles on plants, hydroponic exposure.

Size (diameter in nm)	Plant species, length of exposure	Effect of concentration	Impact	References
No effect	Positive	Negative
30	Zea mays, 72 h	n.a.	n.a.	300–1000 mg/L	Inhibition of leaf growth and transpiration via physical effects on root water transport	Asli and Neumann (2009)
25	Salix schwerinii x viminalis, 72 h	1–100 mg/L	n.a.	n.a.	No observable effect	Seeger et al. (2009)
50	Vicia faba, 48 h	5, 25, 50 mg/L	n.a.	n.a.	Oxidative stress response in root at all concentrations	Foltête et al. (2011)
14, 22, 25, 36	Triticum estivum, 1 week	10 mg/L (14, 22 nm), 10–50 mg/L (36 nm) 10–100 mg/L (25 nm)	50, 100 mg/L (14, 22 nm), 100 mg/L (36 nm)	n.a.	Increased root elongationno effect on germination, evapotranspiration, and plant biomass	Larue et al. (2012a)
14, 25	Brassica napus, Triticum estivum 1 week	n.a.	100 mg/L	n.a.	Increased root elongationno effect on germination, evapotranspiration, and plant biomass	Larue et al. (2012b)
27	Cucumis sativus, 15 days	n.a.	100, 250, 500, 1000, 4000 mg/L	n.a.	promotion of root elongationhigher nitrogen accumulation in roots	Servin et al. (2012)
27	Solanum lycopersicum, 15 days	50, 100, 1000, 2500, 5000 mg/L	n.a.	n.a.	No effect on root elongation	Song et al. (2013)
21, 50	Allium cepa 18 h	10, 100 mg/L (21 nm)	n.a.	10, 100, 1000 mg/L (50 nm), 1000 mg/L (21 nm)	Increase in genotoxicity with concentration	Demir et al. (2014)
35	Pisum sativum, 24 hours	n.a.	n.a.	100, 250, 500, 750 mg/L	No effect on root length, stem length, Скачать книгу В начало < 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 > В конец e-mail: [email protected]