are basic solid–solid dispersions with lignin helping to preserve & effect fluidity as am outcome of interactions between lignin–lignin, lignin–water [85]. By changing the lignin with amino and ammonium groups, metal sequestration may be improved. The amination of lignin along with epoxy amines increased the heavy metal sorption activity and also boosted ability of bile acid and cholesterol sorption. With regard to the economics of this very complex group, both evaporated lignin concentrate and spray-dried lignosulfonate as road binders are the main markets [86].
2.6 Conclusion and Prospects
It can be expected that lignin may be readily accessible raw material with comparatively less prices for manufacture of array products and dry lignin shall be available in near future. The advancement of applications based on lignin must go hand in hand with the planned enhanced manufacturing of lignin from pulp & paper industries. The application of lignin in wood adhesives and the utilization of lignin to manufacture aromatic chemicals are the promising value-added lignin applications.
Development of imaginative applications for more sustainable materials through monomers as new building blocks & oligomers towards new chemistry (bio and chemical catalysis)
Aromatics are on the run from biomass (lignin-, tannin- or sugar-based)
Chemical waste management and forestry: combating climate change is equal to supplier of feedstock.
Depolymerization makes lignin more reactive and more manageable.
Membrane isolation has allowed commercially feasible reactive fraction purification for further processing.
New polymers, resins, to make additives.
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