Practical Cardiovascular Medicine. Elias B. Hanna
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12 138. Kobayashi Y, Lee JM, Fearon WF, et al. Three-vessel assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with clinical suspicion of ischemia: prospective observation study with the index of microcirculatory resistance. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2017; 10:e005445.
13 139. Pepine CJ, Anderson RD, Sharaf BL, et al. Coronary microvascular reactivity to adenosine predicts adverse outcome in women evaluated for suspected ischemia results from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 2825–2832.
Myocardial bridging
1 140. Mohlenkamp S, Hort W, Ge J, Erbel R. Update on myocardial bridging. Circulation 2002; 106: 2616–22.
2 141. Greenspan M, Iskandrian AS, Catherwood E, et al. Myocardial bridging of the LAD: evaluation using exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1980; 6: 173–80.
3 142. Tang K, Wang L, Shi R, et al. The role of myocardial perfusion imaging in evaluating patients with myocardial bridging. J Nucl Cardiol 2011; 18: 117–22.
4 143. Juillière Y, Berder V, Suty-Selton C, et al. Isolated myocardial bridges with angiographic milking of left anterior descending coronary artery: a long-term follow-up study. Am Heart J 1995; 129: 663–5.
Collaterals
1 144. Werner GS, Ferrari M, Heinke S, et al. Angiographic assessment of collateral connections in comparison with invasively determined collateral function in chronic coronary occlusions. Circulation. 2003 Apr 22; 107(15):1972–7.
2 145. Schwartz H, Leiboff R, Bren G, et al. Temporal evolution of the human coronary collateral circulation after myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984; 4: 1088–93.
3 146. Werner GS, Richartz BM, Gatmann O, et al. Immediate changes of collateral function after successful recanalization of chronic total coronary occlusions. Circulation 2000; 102: 2959–65.
4 147. Aboul-Enein F, Kar S, Hayes SW, et al. Influence of angiographic collateral circulation on myocardial perfusion in patients with chronic total occlusion of a single coronary artery and no prior myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med 2004; 45: 950–5.
Notes
1 * Cold leads to vasoconstriction (afterload increase) and shivering, increasing O2 demands. The severity of angina is classified using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading (CCS). CCS IV is angina with minimal activities, CCS III is angina at a low level of activity, such as walking one flight of stairs or 1–2 flat blocks at a normal pace, CCS II is angina with walking more or at a faster pace, and does not usually occur daily, and CCS I is angina with strenuous lifting or running.
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