TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE
1. TREATMENT OF SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE
I. Treat the underlying etiology: target BP and CAD
II. Value of revascularization in ischemic cardiomyopathy: STICH trial
III. Role of viability testing and ischemic testing
IV. Drugs that affect survival in EF<40%
V. Specifics of drugs that affect survival
VI. Drugs that improve symptoms and morbidity
VII. Devices
VIII. Other therapeutic measures
IX. Prognosis
2. TREATMENT OF HFPEF
ACUTE HEART FAILURE AND ACUTELY DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE
I. Triggers of acute decompensation
II. Profiles of acute HF: congestion without low cardiac output, congestion with low cardiac output
III. Treatment of acute HF: diagnosis and treatment of triggers
IV. Treatment of acute HF: diuretics, cardiorenal syndrome, aggressive decongestion, ultrafiltration
V. Treatment of acute HF: vasodilators
VI. Treatment of acute HF: IV inotropic agents
VII. In-hospital and pre-discharge use of ACE-I/ARB, angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition, and β-blockers
VIII. Treatment of acute HF: O2, non-invasive ventilatory support (CPAP, BiPAP), intubation
IX. Summary: keys to the treatment of acute HF (Table 4.2)
X. Discharge
XI. Inability of severe HF to tolerate vasodilatation or hemodialysis
XII. Outpatient monitoring of HF and prevention of hospitalization
Appendix 1. Management of isolated or predominant RV failure
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
References
Diuretics
5 Additional Heart Failure Topics
1. SPECIFIC CARDIOMYOPATHIES
2. ADVANCED HEART FAILURE: HEART TRANSPLANT AND VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES (VADs)
3. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE AND HEMODYNAMIC ASPECTS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
References
10 Part 3: VALVULAR DISORDERS 6 Valvular Disorders 1. MITRAL REGURGITATION 2. MITRAL STENOSIS 3. AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY 4. AORTIC STENOSIS 5. TRICUSPID REGURGITATION AND STENOSIS 6. PULMONIC STENOSIS AND REGURGITATION 7. MIXED VALVULAR DISEASE; RADIATION HEART DISEASE 8. PROSTHETIC VALVES 9. AUSCULTATION AND SUMMARY IDEAS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References
11 Part 4: HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY 7 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References
12 Part 5: ARRHYTHMIAS AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY 8 Approach to Narrow and Wide QRS Complex Tachyarrhythmias Further reading 9 Ventricular Arrhythmias QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS References 10 Atrial Fibrillation I. Predisposing factors (see Table 10.1) II. Types of AF III. General therapy of AF IV. Management of a patient who presents with acute, symptomatic AF V. Peri-cardioversion anticoagulation management VI. Antiarrhythmic management after the acute presentation VII. Decisions about long-term anticoagulation, role of clopidogrel, role of triple therapy VIII. Special situation: atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Optimal heart rate in heart failure IX. Special situation: atrial fibrillation with borderline blood pressure or non-AF-related hypotension X. AF burden as a correlate and a driver of HF progression Appendix 1. Optimal heart rate and AF rate for optimal cardiac output Appendix 2. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy
