Practical Cardiovascular Medicine. Elias B. Hanna
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Part 9: OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STATES
21 Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis
1. PULMONARY EMBOLISM
I. Presentation of pulmonary embolism (PE) and risk factors
II. Probability of PE
III. Initial workup
IV. Specific PE workup
V. Submassive or intermediate-high risk PE, pulmonary hypertension, and thrombolysis
VI. PE and chronic pulmonary hypertension
VII. Acute treatment of PE
VIII. Duration of anticoagulation
IX. Thrombophilias
X. PE prognosis and long-term follow-up
2. DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
I. Types
II. Diagnosis
III. Treatment
3. IMMUNE HEPARIN-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA
I. Incidence
II. Diagnosis
III. Treatment
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
References
22 Shock and Fluid Responsiveness
1. SHOCK
I. Shock definition and mechanisms
II. Goals of shock treatment
III. Immediate management of any shock
IV. Sepsis and septic shock
V. Cardiogenic shock
2. FLUID RESPONSIVENESS
Appendix. Hemodynamic equations, transfusion, and miscellaneous concepts
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
References
Note
23 Hypertension
1. HYPERTENSION
I. Definition
II. ACC and ESC targets of therapy and rationale
III. Treatment of hypertension: timing, first-line drugs, compelling indications for specific drugs
IV. Resistant hypertension
V. Secondary hypertension
VI. Peripheral vs. central aortic pressure: therapeutic implications
VII. First-line antihypertensive drugs
VIII. Second-line antihypertensive drugs
IX. Orthostatic hypotension and extremely labile HTN
2. ACUTE SEVERE HYPERTENSION: HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES AND URGENCIES
I. Definitions
II. Treatment of hypertensive emergencies
III. Treatment of hypertensive urgencies
IV.