R., Costabel J.P., Nestelberger T., et al. Outcome of applying the ESC 0/1-hour algorithm in patients with suspected myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:483–494. Very low cardiovascular death 0.1% at 30 days in the rule out group.10 56.Antman EM, Tanasijevic MJ, Thompson B, et al. Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1996; 201: 335: 1342–9.
11 57. Sabatine M.S., Morrow D.A., de Lemos J.A., et al. Detection of acute changes in circulating troponin in the setting of transient stress test-induced myocardial ischaemia using an ultrasensitive assay: results from TIMI 35. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:162–169.
12 58. Topol EJ, Yadav JS. Recognition of the importance of embolization in atherosclerotic vascular disease. Circulation 2000; 101: 570–80.
13 59. Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, et al. Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2203–16. ACUITY trial.
14 60. Giugliano RP, White JA, Boden C, et al. Early versus delayed, provisional eptifibatide in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 2176–90. EARLY ACS trial.
15 61. Mehta SR, Granger CB, Boden WE, et al. Early versus delayed invasive intervention in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 2165–75. TIMACS trial.
Invasive strategy vs conservative strategy
1 62. Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Demopoulos LA, et al. Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban (TACTICS-TIMI 18 trial). N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1879–87.
2 63. Fox KA, Poole-Wilson P, Clayton TC, et al. 5-year outcome of an interventional strategy in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: the British Heart Foundation RITA 3 randomised trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 914–20.
3 64. Wallentin L, Lagerqvist B, Husted S, et al. Outcome at 1 year after an invasive compared with a non-invasive strategy in unstable coronary-artery disease: the FRISC II invasive randomised trial. FRISC II Investigators. Lancet 2000; 356: 9–16.
4 65. de Winter RJ, Windhausen F, Cornel JH, et al. Early invasive versus selectively invasive management for acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1095–104. ICTUS trial.
Timing of initial invasive strategy
1 66. Kofoed KF, Kelbæk H, Hansen PR, et al. Early Versus Standard Care Invasive Examination and Treatment of Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: The VERDICT Randomized Controlled Trial. Circulation 2018; 138: 2741–2750.
2 67. Lemesle G, Laine M, Pankert M, et al. Optimal timing of intervention in non-ST-segment elevation coronary syndromes without pretreatment with P2Y12-ADP receptor antagonists: the EARLY randomized trial. Presented at AHA 2018, Novemeber 11, 2018, Chicago, IL
3 68. Montalescot G., Cayla G., Collet J. P., Elhadad S., Beygui F., Le Breton H., et al. Immediate vs delayed intervention for acute coronary syndromes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2009; 302, 947–954.
Initial medical therapy
1 69. Schüpke S, Neumann FJ, Menichelli M, et al., on behalf of the ISAR-REACT 5 Trial Investigators. Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1524–34.
2 70. Montalescot G, Bolognese L, Dudek D, et al. Pretreatment with prasugrel in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 999–1010. ACCOAST trial.+Also, SCAAR registry: Dworeck C, Redfors B, Angerås O, et al. Association of Pretreatment With P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists Preceding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes With Outcomes. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Oct 1;3(10):e2018735.
3 71. Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, et al. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 494–502. CURE trial.
4 72. Hanna EB, Rao SV, Manoukian SV, Saucedo JF. The evolving role of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors in the setting of percutaneeous coronary intervention. Strategies to minimize bleeding and improve outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 3: 1209–19.
5 73. Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP, et al. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1622–32. COMMIT-CCS trial.
6 74. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1495. +also, for peri-PCI MI reduction: Patti G, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, et al. Clinical benefit of statin pretreatment in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a collaborative patient-level meta-analysis of 13 randomized studies. Circulation. 2011; 123(15):1622-32.
7 75. Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U, et al. Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2002; 105: 1446–52.
8 76. Beygui F, Cayla G, Roule V, et al. Early Aldosterone Blockade in Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Apr, 67 (16) 1917–1927. ALBATROSS trial
CABG vs PCI
1 77. Mohr FW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, et al. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial. Lancet 2013; 381: 629. Also: Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, et al. Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 2375–84. FREEDOM trial.
2 78. Bravata DM, Gienger AL, McDonald KM, et al. Systematic review: the comparative effectiveness of percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147: 703–716.
Multivessel PCI
1 79. Heitner JF, Senthilkumar A, Harrison JK, et al. Identifying the infarct-related artery in patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; e007305.
2 80. Sardella G, Lucisano L, Garbo R, et al. Single-staged compared with multi-staged PCI in multivessel NSTEMI patients. The SMILE trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67(3): 264–272. Total cardiovascular events are reduced with single-staged PCI, mainly through a reduction of target vessel revascularization and death <not MI> (this may be related to the longer ischemic time with multi-staged PCI, particularly when the culprit lesion is not properly identified. Also, there is a potential harm of repeating procedures, bleeding, repeat ischemia?).
3 81. Hannan EL, Samadashvili Z, Walford G, et al. Staged versus one-time complete revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention for multivessel coronary artery disease patients without ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 6: 12–20.
4 82. Rathod KS, Koganti S, Jain AK, et al. Complete versus culprit-only lesion intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:1989-1999 (British national registry analysis). + Also: Brener SJ, Milford-Beland S, Roe MT, et al. Culprit-only or multivessel revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndromes: an American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Database Registry report. Am Heart J 2008; 155: 140–6.
