intrinsic cap...Table 109.2 Recently terminated or ongoing studies investigating biomarkers...89 Chapter 113Table 113.1 Mortality associated with surgery and anaesthesia.Table 113.2 ASA grading of physical status.Table 113.3 Predictive factors for postoperative cardiovascular morbidity.Table 113.4 Risk factors for the development of postoperative confusion.Table 113.5 Risk factors for postoperative stroke in the elderly.Table 113.6 Effects of perioperative hypothermia.Table 113.7 Pharmacological analgesic options.Table 113.8 Summary of the anaesthetic management of elderly patients.Table 113.9 Risk factors for the development of perioperative decubitus ulc...
90 Chapter 114Table 114.1 Signs and symptoms of menopause.
91 Chapter 115Table 115.1 Mechanisms proposed to explain the lifespan‐extension effects o...Table 115.2 Cellular processes regulated by FOXOs in response to stress, po...Table 115.3 Ageing effects in different body systems and corresponding oppo...
92 Chapter 118Table 118.1 Effects of immobility.Table 118.2 Negative effects of physical restraints and siderails.
93 Chapter 119Table 119.1 The main studies evaluating cognitive impairment in centenarian...
94 Chapter 120Table 120.1 Palliative care domains.Table 120.2 REMAP physician statements.Table 120.3 Treatment of common aetiologies of nausea and vomiting.
95 Chapter 122Table 122.1 The Minimum Standard: American College of Surgeons (1917).Table 122.2 The Fundamental Standards: The Care Quality Commission.Table 122.3 Nursing home quality measures.Table 122.4 QAPI report example.
96 Chapter 123Table 123.1 The five Ws.
97 Chapter 125Table 125.1 Macro‐level societal/governance characteristics.Table 125.2 Meso‐level organisational structure.Table 125.3 Micro‐level resident characteristics.
98 Chapter 127Table 127.1 Recognition of geriatric medicine in different European countri...Table 127.2 European undergraduate sections of geriatric medicine curriculu...Table 127.3 Minimum geriatric competencies for medical students (US).Table 127.4 Internal medicine and family medicine resident competencies.
99 Chapter 128Table 128.1 Geriatrics emergency department components.Table 128.2 Components of an acute care for the elderly unit.Table 128.3 Requirements for stroke centre certification.
100 Chapter 133Table 133.1 Some data on healthcare in the European Union.
101 Chapter 134Table 134.1 Pros and cons of different animal models in research on ageing.Table 134.2 Structural and functional changes associated with ageing in the...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 A Gompertz curve showing the increase in the incidence of death w...Figure 1.2 The ‘non‐Gompertzian’ curve of the incidence of death in the nake...Figure 1.3 The rectangularization or compression of mortality (dotted line) ...
2 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 The societal and community factors that influence an older adult'...Figure 4.2 United States population separated by age and gender in 2020 and ...Figure 4.3 Trends in the relationship status of adults over age 50 in the US...Figure 4.4 A summary of suboptimal and ideal reasons for older adults to con...Figure 4.5 Risk factors, possible adverse events, and possible treatment opt...
3 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 The hallmarks of brain ageing.
4 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 The Eight C considerations of appropriate prescribing.
5 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Reason’s Swiss cheese model.Figure 11.2 A proposed scheme for the effects of hospitalization on frail ol...Figure 11.3 Three common clinical scenarios where delirium, incontinence, an...
6 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Decline in olfaction with age. University of Pennsylvania Smell ...
7 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Overview of the mechanisms involved in appetite regulation.Figure 13.2 The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of hormones.Figure 13.3 Anorexia as a multifactorial geriatric syndrome with poor outcom...
8 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Malnutrition clinical presentations according to inflammation in...Figure 14.2 Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (MNA).
9 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Osmotic control of water balance. The hypothalamus supraoptic (S...Figure 15.2 Pressure‐volume control of water and sodium balance. Barorecepto...Figure 15.3 Renal action of ADH in water conservation.Figure 15.4 Comparisons of disorders of thirst. Serum ADH levels increase wi...Figure 15.5 Algorithm of workup and therapy for hyponatremia. Review medicat...
10 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Normal oesophageal manometry displayed as a pressure topography ...Figure 17.2 Barium swallow in a patient with achalasia, demonstrating a dila...Figure 17.3 Oesophageal manometry in achalasia (type 2), displayed as a pres...Figure 17.4 Manometry recording in distal oesophageal spasm, displayed as a ...Figure 17.5 Barium swallow in a patient with distal oesophageal spasm, demon...Figure 17.6 Scintigraphic gastric emptying study. Part of the radiolabelled ...
11 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Illustration of the defecatory process.Figure 20.2 An abdominal radiograph obtained 5 days after ingestion of a cap...
12 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Acute necrotizing pancreatitis, with a bilobed walled‐off necros...Figure
