style="font-size:15px;"> 5. The jury is to decide questions of fact, and it is the judge’s responsibility to guide them on questions of law.
6. Most countries find it convenient to set up separate systems of criminal and civil courts.
7. It is important to consider to what extent descriptive and prescriptive laws can be distinguished from customs and social rules.
8. In many legal systems it is an important principle that a person cannot be considered guilty of a crime until the state proves he committed it.
9. Under resolutions which were adopted by the UN General Assembly it is the duty of every state to pursue and punish war criminals.
10. The vagrancy laws, some judges observe, make it a crime to be poor, downtrodden and unemployed.
11. It should be noted that the phrase “common law” is sometimes used in England today to describe the whole body of judge-made rules.
12. In order to separate the role of the legislature and judiciary, it was necessary to make laws that were clear and comprehensive.
13. I t is a crime to drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia, but not in Egypt. It is a crime to smoke marijuana in England but not (in prescribed places) in the Netherlands.
14. For some people, the image of a lawyer is someone who leads a very wealthy and comfortable life; however, it should not be forgotten that there are also lawyers whose lives are not so secure.
15. It is the task of the Crown to establish to the satisfaction of the jury the guilt of the accused.
16. It is a basic principle of the Anglo-American system of justice that neither an act alone nor an intent alone is sufficient to constitute a crime; the two must concur to establish criminal responsibility.
There is no instinct like that of the heart.
Lord Byron
2. Слова-заместители That, Those
MODEL
The most urgent question everywhere in this country today is that of complying with the law.
В наши дни наиболее неотложной проблемой во всех уголках нашей страны является проблема соблюдения законности.
1. If a conflict arises between EU law and that of a member state, EU law takes precedence so that the law of a member state must be disapplied.
2. According to specialists the two central banks most independent of the government are those of Switzerland and Germany.
3. Many companies invest their profits in such spheres as sophisticated technologies and those giving fast returns.
4. A margin is the difference between the interest rates which banks pay to lenders and those they charge to borrowers.
5. Partnerships can be formed easily and the legal position of partners is not very different from that of sole traders.
6. Complaints from Russian businesses and their desire to see a simple and more effective tax system are similar to those of European and American businesses.
7. Ordinary Americans are much more interested in local politics than in those at the federal level.
8. The political power of the US Secretary of State is second only to that of the President.
9. The system of checks and balances is such an arrangement of government powers where powers of one government branch check and balance those of other branches.
10. Most legal systems in Europe, including that of Scotland and indirectly those in many other parts of the world, were strongly influenced by Roman law.
11. The House of Lords is considered the upper house of the British Parliament, but its political powers are much more limited than those of the lower house, the House of Commons.
12. International law comprises the regulation of relations between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another.
13. Private law involves legal problems which exist between individuals, in contrast to those in which society is concerned.
14. Good offices are similar to mediation in that they also involve a third party, however, the role of this third party is much more passive than that of a mediator.
15. The definitions of many torts closely resemble those of crimes.
16. A fundamental principle of modern international law is that of the equality and self-determination of nations and peoples.
But in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes.
Benjamin Franklin
3. Сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом
MODELS
1. The trial, which has been rumored everywhere for so long, is believed to be nearly completed.
Полагают, что судебный процесс, который столь долго находился в центре общественного внимания, почти завершен.
2. Their advertising methods seem to be in violation of the law.
По-видимому, их методы ведения рекламной кампании являются незаконными.
3. Local accountants or attorneys in business for themselves or small retail shops are likely to be sole proprietorships.
Местные бухгалтеры, юристы, занимающиеся частной практикой, а также владельцы мелких розничных магазинов, как правило, действуют в качестве индивидуальных предпринимателей.
1. The economic situation in this country is reported to be improving.
2. The conference is expected to be held on the premises of the Academy.
3. Punishment is thought, sometimes correctly, to act as a deterrent both to the convict and to others.
4. The invention is expected to be of great importance for the protection of the environment.
5. Political stability is generally thought to be a good thing, but economic changes are usually inevitable.
6. The registration of a company may be cancelled if its objects turn out to be illegal.
7. Contract
