series that makes you think about a real chronological definition of the famous Trojan monuments.The presence next to the stone hammers-axes in the same treasure L several pommels of rock crystal, completely similar to the crystal tops of daggers from Mycenaean royal tombs of circle A, only increases doubts about the dating of the archaeological complex under consideration, revealing one more binding with the circle of monuments of the Aegean artistic culture. «The presence in the complex of the treasure L of the caked metal and the very forms of small objects that have appeared in this conglomerate, in our view, do not in the least contradict the later dating of the entire L treasure as a whole. Carnations and other objects of a similar shape exist also in the 2nd millennium BC) Half of the iron top (iron slag) found in the same complex of the treasure of L is, apparently, only an additional confirmation of the correctness of our definition. Reference to A. Getz, who believed that beads, sintered metal and iron slag could not be associated with this treasure, is not too convincing, especially since even with regard to the ritual hammer axes, Goetze spoke rather vaguely. In our opinion, all these items still treated this treasure, and there are no contradictions here. As a result, proceeding from the technological analysis of the Trojan monuments examined, the late dating of the treasure L, – II millennium BC, with even greater distinctiveness, looms. (1700—1500 BC). «Karl Blegen, in his book» Troy and the Trojans», speaks of the ritual stone axes from Troy: «Most of all it looks like a weapon that was in use in Bessarabia» (meaning the famous Borodino treasure). The Borodino Treasure is found approximately in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC That roughly coincides with the monuments of the Abashev culture as well, that is, Nikulina NM also relates the time, at least, of making the treasure to the time of Troy 6. And then, as it is not sad for the skeptics, Schliemann still found the Treasure of King Priam. (At least, it can be relied to the era of the Trojan War).
The tactics of the Achaean chariots in battle
One of the keys to understanding the process of the genesis of the chariot today is the radiocarbon date for the construction of 32 burials of the Great Ipatovsky Barrow – the XXIII century BC. as the most probable. This fact allows us to speak about the inclusion of a circle of Manych catacomb monuments in the area of chariot formation. The Sintashta interval of dating dates back to 1970—1770 (2030—1750). BC. To the same period belongs a vessel from the State Historical Museum (hereinafter – GIM) pic.24. The vessel shows a schematic image of the chariot. In the same way, these tribes used the meander in the cult objects, and there are numerous finds of lobular temporal rings of gold attributed to the same period, as well as boat-shaped wooden cups found in swamps, with a head in the form of a duck swan. Such a find, only a cup of crystal, found in Mycenae, dates back to the 16th century. BC. Lobular temporal rings are found in Troy, and, therefore, can be dated from the same 17th-18th century BC. or earlier. The lobed temporal rings in pic.17 from the collection of the GIM belong to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. But cultural unity is obvious.
pic. 24 Vessel from SHM, Moscow. Abashevskaya culture.
Most likely, according to Taylor, this culture was brought to Greece by representatives of one of the nomadic tribes from the steppes of Eurasia. According to Taylor in the form of vases, a resemblance to metal products can be seen. Ceramic products, similar to the gray minyan pottery, were found by archaeologists throughout North-West Turkey, they have distinct signs of Troy VI ceramics, which indicates a homogeneous population of this region of Asia Minor in the early 2nd millennium BC. and the founding of the sixth settlement around the 19th century. BC. It can be argued that representatives of this culture brought to Greece, Egypt, and the Far East the art of making and using chariots. Practically simultaneous appearance of similar ceramics in two separate but not very distant territories suggests that both Troy and Greece were invaded by the same invaders. It is commonly believed that they brought to Greece and one of the forms of the Greek language. The bearers of this culture came from the east, passing through the northern Anatolian plateau in Troy. Indeed, the Mycenaean ceramics are in some ways similar to gray products from the northeast of Iran. The invaders brought with them new types of weapons, primarily cavalry and chariots, which played a decisive role in keeping the occupied territories. For the first time, the horses’ bones were found in the TroyVI along with minyan products, possibly a wave of invaders penetrating Greece, brought with them horses. Most likely, according to Taylor, this culture was brought to Greece by representatives of one of the nomadic tribes from the steppes of Eurasia. According to Taylor in the form of vases, a resemblance to metal products can be seen. Ceramic products, similar to the gray minyan pottery, were found by archaeologists throughout North-West Turkey, they have distinct signs of Troy VI ceramics, which indicates a homogeneous population of this region of Asia Minor in the early 2nd millennium BC. and the founding of the sixth settlement around the 19th century. BC. It can be argued that representatives of this culture brought to Greece, Egypt, and the Far East the art of making and using chariots. Practically simultaneous appearance of similar ceramics in two separate but not very distant territories suggests that both Troy and Greece were invaded by the same invaders. It is commonly believed that they brought to Greece and one of the forms of the Greek language. The bearers of this culture came from the east, passing through the northern Anatolian plateau in Troy. Indeed, the Mycenaean ceramics are in some ways similar to gray products from the northeast of Iran. The invaders brought with them new types of weapons, primarily cavalry and chariots, which played a decisive role in keeping the occupied territories. For the first time, the horses’ bones were found in the Troy VI along with minyan products, possibly a wave of invaders penetrating Greece, brought with them horses. The first evidence in the Near East of the use of wheels with spokes belong to the XIX – XVII centuries. BC., These are images on Syrian seals. Most brightly and fully in the Middle East, the chariot complex manifested itself only in the XVIII – XVI centuries. BC. – during the period of the Egyptian conquest of Egypt. Note that the Egyptian and Syrian-Palestinian battle chariots, horse harnesses are represented in the form of an already established set of objects and technologies. In Greece, the chariot complex appears relatively late, not earlier than the 16th century. BC. The main evidence of origin is associated with the IV Shaft tomb in Mycenae and not very numerous iconographic sources of this time from Tiryns. The invention of chariots caused a revolution in military affairs. Outcome of Whole battles and the fate of states depended on their swift attack on the battlefield. It is difficult to say when exactly the first chariots appeared, but it is reliably known that they existed since the beginning of the III millennium BC in Mesopotamia. Ritual and battle chariots archeologists found on the territory of the ancient city of Kish, the ancient city-state of Ur and in Transcaucasia. In many museums of the world there are objects with the image of chariots, their clay and bronze models. Recently found in the South Urals burials with chariots allowed to clearly link the Middle Eastern and Far Eastern harnesses of the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. As you know, the Aryan tribes buried their warriors with horses in chariots. The oldest chariot known to scientists of the classical type, not from the Mesopotamia, was discovered near the Krivoye Ozero (Chelyabinsk region), on the archaeological site of the Sintashta culture, and dates back to 2000 BC. The chariot came to the southern part of the Balkan peninsula along with horses in the first half of the 16th century. and this fully agrees with the mythological tradition (the myth of Danae and Egypt, about how the Danes were driven out of Egypt). The chariot, already in a rather perfect form, we meet for the first time on three stelae V of the mine grave of circle A in Mycenae. Obviously, the chariot could not appear among the Achaeans on its own, in the process of centuries-old evolution from a simple wagon – it was borrowed by them. In regard to the place where the Greeks borrowed the chariot, there are two main versions, which can be called eastern and northern. So, often the area of borrowing is the Levant. Indeed, the Mycenaean relations with the Syro-Phoenician region can not be denied, but the similarities in the construction of the Mycenaean and Levantine teams
