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11.2 Experimental Hybridization: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control
11.3 Analytical Techniques
References
Further Reading
12 Use of Enzymes in the Modification of Nucleic Acids
12.1 Restriction Enzymes (Restriction Endonucleases)
12.2 Ligases
12.3 Methyltransferases
12.4 DNA Polymerases
12.5 RNA Polymerases and Reverse Transcriptase
12.6 Nucleases
12.7 T4 Polynucleotide Kinase
12.8 Phosphatases
Further Reading
13 Polymerase Chain Reaction
13.1 Introduction
13.2 PCR Methods
13.3 PCR as a Quantitative Method
13.4 Areas of Application
Further Reading
14 DNA Sequencing
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Sanger Method
14.3 Pyrosequencing
14.4 Second‐Generation Sequencing: Illumina and Ion Torrent
14.5 Third‐Generation Sequencing Techniques
14.6 The Impact of the DNA Sequencing Technology
References
Further Reading
Websites
15 Cloning Procedures
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Construction of Recombinant Vectors
Further Reading
16 Expression of Recombinant Proteins
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Expression of Recombinant Proteins in Host Organisms
16.3 Expression in Cell‐Free Systems
Further Reading
17 Patch Clamp Method
17.1 Ion Channels
17.2 Technical Requirements of the Patch Clamp Method
17.3 Patch Clamp Configurations
17.4 Applications of the Patch Clamp Method
Reference
Further Reading
18 Cell Cycle Analysis
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Analyzing the Cell Cycle
18.3 Experimental Analysis of the Cell Cycle
Acknowledgments
Further Reading
19 Microscopic Techniques
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Electron Microscopy
19.3 Atomic or Scanning Force Microscopy
19.4 Light Microscopy
19.5 Microscopy in the Living Cell
Further Reading
20 Laser Applications
20.1 Laser Development: A Historical Perspective
20.2 Types of Lasers and Setups
20.3 Properties of Laser Radiation
20.4 Applications
Further Reading
7 Part III: Key Topics 21 Sequencing the Universe of Life 21.1 What to Sequence? 21.2 Sequencing Projects: Human 21.3 Sequencing Other Species, Environments, … 21.4 Sequencing in the Clinics: Personalizing Oncology 21.5 Sequencing in the Private Sector: Direct to Consumer Testing (DTC) 21.6 The Information Content of a Genome Sequence and Ethical Consequences References 22 Cellular Systems Biology 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Analysis of Cellular Networks by Top‐Down Approaches 22.3
