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2.22 Cassia Species
2.22.1 Ethnopharmacological Properties and Phytochemistry
Cassia tora Linn. (Fam. – Caesalpiniaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant commonly found in India and other tropical countries (Nadkarni 1954). Various medicinal properties have been attributed to this plant in the traditional system of Indian medicine. Several anthraquinones have been isolated from the seeds of C. tora (Shibata et al. 1969; Raghunathan et al. 1974). Sennosides, which are well known for their medicinal importance, have been detected in the leaves of the plants (Lohar et al. 1975). The extracts of C. tora have been used as a remedy for various skin ailments and rheumatic disease and as laxatives (Kirtikar and Basu 1975a; Jain 1968). The extract of C. tora leaves has been found to possess significant hepatoprotective activity and anti-inflammatory activity (Maitya et al. 1997, 1998).
The chrysoeriol-7-O-(2″-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-allopyranoside and rhamnetin-3-O-(2″-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-allopyranoside were separated from the seeds of Cassia alata (Gupta and Singh 1991). Luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide, and formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside were isolated from the ethanol extract of C. tora leaves (Vijayalakshmi and Madhira 2014). The phenolic, proanthocyanidin, and flavonoid-rich extracts of Cassia fistula showed antioxidant activity (Luximon-Ramma et al. 2002). The Cassia species showed antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, metal chelating activity, phosphomolybdenum-reducing power, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, deoxyribose degradation, and β-carotene bleaching models (Kolar et al. 2018).
The seeds of Cassia absu showed the presence of linoleic acid, luteolin, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and arachidic acid, and their identities were confirmed by HPLC–DAD analysis (Zribi et al. 2017). The cassgranon D, rutin, afzelin, quercitrin, epicatechin, (−)-epiafzelechin,
