6 Part III: The Heat-Affected Zone 17 Introduction to Solid‐State Transformations 17.1 Work‐Hardened Materials 17.2 Heat‐Treatable Al Alloys 17.3 Heat‐Treatable Ni‐Base Alloys 17.4 Steels 17.5 Stainless Steels References Problems 18 Heat‐Affected‐Zone Degradation of Mechanical Properties 18.1 Grain Coarsening 18.2 Recrystallization and Grain Growth 18.3 Overaging in Al Alloys 18.4 Dissolution of Precipitates in Ni‐Base Alloys 18.5 Martensite Tempering in Dual‐Phase Steels References Problems 19 Heat‐Affected‐Zone Cracking 19.1 Hydrogen Cracking in Steels 19.2 Stress‐Relief Cracking in Steels 19.3 Lamellar Tearing in Steels 19.4 Type‐IV Cracking in Grade 91 Steel 19.5 Strain‐Age Cracking in Ni‐Base Alloys References Further Reading Problems 20 Heat‐Affected‐Zone Corrosion 20.1 Weld Decay of Stainless Steels 20.2 Weld Decay of Ni‐Base Alloys 20.3 Knife‐Line Attack of Stainless Steels 20.4 Sensitization of Ferritic Stainless‐Steel Welds 20.5 Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels References Further Reading Problems
7 Part V: Special Topics 21 Additive Manufacturing 21.1 Heat and Fluid Flow 21.2 Residual Stress and Distortion 21.3 Lack of Fusion and Gas Porosity 21.4 Grain Structure 21.5 Solidification Cracking 21.6 Liquation Cracking 21.7 Graded Transition Joints 21.8 Further Discussions References Further Reading Problems 22 Dissimilar‐Metal Joining 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Arc and Laser Joining 22.3 Resistance Spot Welding 22.4 Friction Stir Welding 22.5 Other Solid‐State Welding Processes References Further Reading Problems 23 Welding of Magnesium Alloys 23.1 Spatter 23.2 Porosity 23.3 Internal Oxide Films 23.4 High Crowns 23.5 Grain Refining 23.6 Solidification Cracking 23.7 Liquation Cracking 23.8 Heat‐Affected Zone Weakening References Further Reading Problems 24 Welding of High‐Entropy Alloys and Metal‐Matrix Nanocomposites 24.1 High‐Entropy Alloys 24.2 Metal‐Matrix Nanocomposites References Further Reading Problems
8 Appendix AAnalytical Equations for Susceptibility to Solidification Cracking
9 Index
