The bone in large carnivores appears to be more dense than in smaller companion animals.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.6 Crown‐down Technique: Starting with shorter 31mm files and frequent recapitulation will result in less file damage and better access, while increasing sequentially both in larger diameter files and to 60 and 120 mm files that can achieve full working length.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.7 120 mm endodontic files, necessary for large carnivores, are six times longer than those used on people. But, beginning canal preparation with shorter files used initially, give better control for coronal canal preparation.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.8 60‐ and 90‐mm gutta percha points are commercially available but, if not, they can be fabricated by fusing two shorter gutta percha points by warming and softening the ends with a cigarette lighter or Bunsen burner, overlapping the ends, and rolling them together between two glass slabs.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.9 Fabricating these longer gutta percha points ahead of time creates more efficient procedures. Veterinarians are often proudest of their ingenuity.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.10 120 mm pluggers and spreaders. It is best to hold these long instruments close to their working tips to reduce chances of damage by bending them.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.11 Dental Stopping (gutta percha) is useful for canals of large diameter. Heating softens them, while a cold glass slab or alcohol hardens them.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.12 60‐ and 90‐mm Lentulo paste filler. The instrument can be loaded from a spatula full of sealant. Instrument will break if stressed (needs at least a size 25 canal.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.13 For pulp canals size 90 or greater, for efficiency, we favor GuttaFlow 2, followed by a Master Apical Gutta Percha point.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.14 GuttaFlow 2 can be delivered via a 20‐gauge catheter, but an 18‐gauge or even a 14‐gauge make delivery easier, providing the root canal is wide enough to accommodate them.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.15 System B heat and touch system expedites melting or severing gutta percha that protrudes from the pulp canal.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.16 Cordless light cure is handy in the field. Keep it in its recharger when not in use, to ensure its functionality.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.17 Lindemann bone‐cutting burs have an HP shank, fit a slow speed handpiece, and come in various lengths, up to 45 mm, suitable for large carnivore surgery.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.18 Equine Wolf Tooth Kit affords greater surface area of root contact during extractions.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.19 Equine Extraction Equipment provides greater leverage. Use it wisely so as not to fracture teeth or mandible.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.20 10 mm osteotome. A few controlled, powerful impacts are less traumatic than the “semi‐automatic” concussion effect of multiple lower impact strokes.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.21 The large 1″ Gouge. Also needs to be used with control and finesse.
Source: Edward R. Eisner.
Figure 3.22 A large, double‐action
