and bishop. He wrote theological and historical works; among the latter his Historia Francorum is often quoted by Bellarmine.
Gregory of Valencia (ca. 1540-1603), Jesuit professor of theology in Ingolstadt and Rome and author of a very influential commentary on Aquinas’s Summa, the Commentariorum theologicorum tomi quatuor (1591). He was closely involved in the controversy de auxiliis, as the chosen spokesman for the Jesuit position in the early phase of the controversy.
Henry II (972-1024), Holy Roman Emperor and saint.
Henry IV (1050-1108), Holy Roman Emperor excommunicated by Gregory VII in 1076 in the context of the investiture controversy.
Henry of Ghent (d. 1293), a Scholastic philosopher and theologian whose many works include a Summa (incomplete) and a series of Quodlibeta.
Hermann Contractus (1013-54), monk and author of a universal chronicle as well as a variety of theological, poetical, and mathematical works.
Hervé de Nedellec (Hervaeus Natalis) (ca. 1260-1323), general of the Dominicans and author of the hierocratic treatise De potestate ecclesiastica papali.
Hessels, Jean (Joannes from Louvain) (1522-66), theologian and author of many works of controversy against Protestants, as well as a catechism.
Hilary of Poitiers (d. 368), bishop and saint, vigorous opponent of Arianism and author of several exegetical and apologetic works.
Hincmar (ca. 806-82), archbishop of Reims and author of several theological, devotional, and historical works.
Holcot, Robert (ca. 1290-1349), English Dominican theologian and author of a well-known commentary on the Book of Wisdom.
Honorius (d. 423), Roman emperor. He was the son of Theodosius I, who, at his death in 395, divided the empire into western and eastern parts and gave Honorius the western part.
Hosius of Cordova (ca. 256-358), bishop and one of the most important and vocal opponents of the Arian heresy although he was rumored to have slipped into philo-Arian positions late in life.
Hostiensis (Henricus de Segusio) (d. 1271), cardinal bishop of Ostia and professor of canon law in Paris. He was the author of a number of theological and juridical works, including a Summa and a series of commentaries on canon law.
Hugh of St. Victor (ca. 1096-1141), monk and theologian whose works include De sacramentis Christianae fidei, in which he explained his theory that the ecclesia should be distinguished from the order of the clergy, as an organism composed of both laymen and clergy, just as man is composed of body and soul. As the soul must rule the body, so in the ecclesia the ecclesiastical part must rule, and even establish, the secular part.
Hydatius (fourth century), bishop of Mérida and one of the opponents of the heretic Priscillian.
Illyricus, Matthias Flacius (1520-75), Lutheran reformer and one of the most influential historians among the Centuriators of Magdeburg, authors of the Ecclesiastica historia (the “Magdeburg Centuries”).
Innocent I (d. 417), pope and author of many epistles to which Bellarmine often refers.
Innocent IV (Sinibaldo Fieschi) (d. 1254), pope and professor of canon law in Bologna. He was the author of a very influential commentary on the five books of Gregory’s Decretales.
Irenaeus (late second to early third centuries), saint and Father of the Church. He wrote many works in Greek, of which only a few are extant in their entirety in later Latin translations; the rest survive only in fragments reported by others.
Isidore of Seville (ca. 560-636), saint and bishop of Seville. He wrote a widely popular Etymologiae, an encyclopedic work arranged as a dictionary on several branches of knowledge.
Isidoro from Milan (Isidoro Isolani) (d. 1528), Dominican theologian and pupil of Silvestro Mazzolini da Prierio, prolific author of theological and ecclesiological works, and of the Revocatio Martini Lutheri Augustiniani ad Sanctam sedem, published anonymously in Cremona in 1519.
Ithacius (fourth century), bishop of Ossanoba and opponent of Priscillian.
Ivo of Chartres (ca. 1040-1115), saint and celebrated canonist and theologian. His works include the Decretum and the Panormia, which were the key references for canon law until Gratian.
James VI and I (1566-1625), king of Scotland as James VI, and, from 1603, king of England and Ireland as James I. He promulgated the 1606 Oath of Allegiance and defended it in his own writings, in particular the Triplici nodo, triplex cuneus, to which Bellarmine responded on several occasions.
Jean de Selve (Joannis de Selva) (1475-1520), influential politician and expert on canon and civil law. He was the author of De beneficio (1504), often reprinted during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Jean Quintin (Haeduus) (ca. 1509-61), professor of canon law at the university of Paris and author of several commentaries on the Corpus iuris canonici.
Jerome (ca. 340-420), saint and Father of the Church. He wrote the Latin translation of the Bible known as Vulgata, which the Council of Trent reasserted as the only allowed version of the Bible. Famously gifted as a linguist, he wrote many commentaries on the Bible and treatises against heresies, especially Pelagianism.
Jerome of Prague (1379-1416), follower of Jan Hus and burned with him at the Council of Constance.
Johannes Andreae (ca. 1270-1348), famous jurist and professor of both canon and civil law in Bologna.
John of Capistrano (1385-1456), saint, Franciscan friar, and author of many ecclesiological and theological treatises, including De auctoritate papae, often referred to by Bellarmine.
John the Deacon (Johannes Hymonides) (ninth century), monk and deacon of the Roman Church, author of a biography of Gregory the Great.
Josephus, Flavius (ca. 37-100), Jewish historian and author of Jewish Antiquities, Jewish War, and Against Apion, all written in Greek.
Jovian (ca. 330-64), Roman emperor, successor of Julian the Apostate.
Julian, Flavius Claudius, “the Apostate” (d. 363), Roman emperor who abandoned the Christian religion and attempted to restore paganism in Rome.
Justinus, Marcus Junianus (third century), Roman historian, author of the Epitoma historiarum Philippicarum.
Karlstadt (Carlstadt) (Andreas Bodenstein) (1486-1541), Protestant reformer and erstwhile collaborator of Luther, who soon disagreed with important Lutheran doctrinal and liturgical points. For example, Karlstadt denied the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist and rejected infant baptism.
Krantz, Albert (ca. 1450-1517), German Catholic historian whose works include the well-known Hamburgenses historiae and Metropolis, sive historia de ecclesiis sub Carolo Magno in Saxonia.
Lambert of Hersfeld (ca. 1024-d. after 1077), Benedictine monk and historian, author of a chronicle of the world from the Creation to the year 1077 and of a history of Germany.
Latomus, Jacobus (Jacques Masson) (1475-1544), professor of theology at Louvain and opponent of Erasmus against whose theology and philological method he wrote De trium linguarum et studii theologici ratione dialogus
