style="font-size:15px;"> De Administrando Imperio, 9, р. 60.
536
Ibn Faḍlān, ‘Book of Ahmad ibn Faḍlān’, р. 47.
537
D. Wyatt, Slaves and Warriors in Medieval Britain and Ireland, 800–1200 (Leiden, 2009).
538
L. Delisle (ed.), Littérature latine et histoire du moyen âge (Paris, 1890), р. 17.
539
См. J. Henning, ‘Strong Rulers – Weak Economy? Rome, the Carolingians and the Archaeology of Slavery in the First Millennium ad’, in J. Davis and M. McCormick (eds), The Long Morning of Medieval Europe: New Directions in Early Medieval Studies (Aldershot, 2008), рр. 33–53; о Новгороде см. H. Birnbaum, ‘Medieval Novgorod: Political, Social and Cultural Life in an Old Russian Urban Community’, California Slavic Studies (1992), 14, р. 11.
540
Adam of Bremen, History of the Archbishops of Hamburg Bremen, ed. and tr. F. Tschan (New York, 1959), 4.6, р. 190.
541
B. Hudson, Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion and Empire in the North Atlantic (Oxford, 2005), р. 41; в целом см. также S. Brink, Vikingarnas slavar: den nordiska träldomen under yngre järnålder och äldsta medeltid (Stockholm, 2012).
542
T. Noonan, ‘Early Abbasid Mint Output’, Journal of Economic and Social History (1986), рр. 113–175; R. Kovalev, ‘Dirham Mint Output of Samanid Samarqand and its Connection to the Beginnings of Trade with Northern Europe (10th Century)’, Histoire & Mesure 17.3–4 (2002), рр. 197–216; T. Noonan and R. Kovalev, ‘The Dirham Output and Monetary Circulation of a Secondary Samanid Mint: A Case Study of Balkh,’ in R. Kiernowski (ed.), Moneta Mediævalis: Studia numizmatyczne i historyczne ofiarowane Profesorowi Stanisławowi Suchodolskiemu w rocznicę urodzin (Warsaw, 2002), рр. 163–174.
543
R. Segal, Islam’s Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora (New York, 2001), р. 121.
544
Ibn Ḥawqal, Kītāb ṣūrat al-ard, цитируется по D. Ayalon, ‘The Mamluks of the Seljuks: Islam’s Military Might at the Crossroads’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 6.3 (1996), р. 312. С этого момента я переключаюсь с термина «тюрки» на «турки», чтобы отличить народы степей от предков современной Турции.
545
W. Scheidel, ‘The Roman Slave Supply’, in K. Bradley, Р. Cartledge, D. Eltis and S. Engerman (eds), The Cambridge World History of Slavery, 3 vols (Cambridge, 2011), 1, рр. 287–310.
546
См. F. Caswell, The Slave Girls of Baghdad. The Qiyan in the Early Abbasid Era (London, 2011), р. 13.
547
Tacitus, Annals, 15.69, р. 384.
548
Ibn Buṭlān, Taqwīm al-ṣiḥḥa, цитируется по G. Vantini, Oriental Sources concerning Nubia (Heidelberg, 1975), рр. 238–239.
549
Kaykāvūs ibn Iskandar ibn Qābūs, ed. and tr. R. Levy, Naṣīḥat-nāma known as Qābūs-nāma, (London, 1951), р. 102.
550
Там же.
551
D. Abulafia, ‘Asia, Africa and the Trade of Medieval Europe’, in M. Postan, E. Miller and C. Postan (eds), Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and Industry in the Middle Ages (2nd edn, Cambridge, 1987), р. 417. Также см. D. Mishin, ‘The Saqaliba Slaves in the Aghlabid State’, in M. Sebök (ed.), Annual of Medieval Studies at CEU 1996/1997 (Budapest, 1998), рр. 236–244.
552
Ibrāhīm ibn Yaʿqūb, tr. Lunde and Stone, in Land of Darkness, рр. 164–165. О роли Праги как рабовладельческого центра – D. Třeštík, ‘“Eine große Stadt der Slawen namens Prag”: Staaten und Sklaven in Mitteleuropa im 10. Jahrhundert’, in Р. Sommer (ed.), Boleslav II: der tschechische Staat um das Jahr 1000 (Prague 2001), рр. 93–138.
553
Ibn al-Zubayr, Book of Gifts and Rarities, рр. 91–92; A. Christys, ‘The Queen of the Franks Offers Gifts to the Caliph Al-Muktafi’, in W. Davies and Р. Fouracre (eds), The Languages of Gift in the Early Middle Ages (Cambridge, 2010), рр. 140–171.
554
Ibrāhīm ibn Ya‘qūb, рр. 162–163.
555
R. Naismith, ‘Islamic Coins from Early Medieval England’, Numismatic Chronicle 165 (2005), рр. 193–222; R. Naismith, ‘The Coinage of Offa Revisited’, British Numismatic Journal 80 (2010), рр. 76–106.
556
M. McCormick, ‘New Light on the “Dark Ages”: How the Slave Trade Fuelled the Carolingian Economy’, Past & Present 177 (2002), рр. 17–54; а также J. Henning, ‘Slavery or Freedom? The Causes of Early Medieval Europe’s Economic Advancement’, Early Medieval Europe 12.3 (2003), рр. 269–277.
557
Ibn Khurradādhbih, ‘Book of Roads and Kingdoms’, р. 111.
558
Ibn Ḥawqal, Kītāb ṣūrat al-ard, tr. Lunde and Stone, ‘Book of the Configuration of the Earth’, in Land of Darkness, р. 173.
559
