oxide, α-cedrol, biphenylene, guaiol, torreyol, and isoledene were isolated and identified from E. adenophorum (Lee et al. 2012; Subba and Kandel 2012). β-caryophyllene, carvacrol, spathulenol, and terpinen-4-ol from Ageratina jocotepecana have repellant properties against termites (Ramirez-Lopez et al. 2016). 16-Hydroxy-3,4β-epoxy-5β, 10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-13(14)-en-15,16-olide, 3α,4β,16-trihydroxy-5β,10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-13(14)-en-15,16-olide, 3α,4β-dihydroxy-5β,10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-13(14)-en-15,16-olide, 3α-methoxy-4β-hydroxy-5β,10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-13(14)-en-15,16-olide, 3-oxo-4β-hydroxy-5β,10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-13(14)-en-15,16-olide, 2β-hydroxy-3,4β-epoxy-5β,10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-13(14)-en-15,16-olide, 2β-hydroxy-5β,10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-3,13(14)-diene-15,16-olide, (13Z)-2β-hydroxy-5β,10β-cis-17α,20β-cleroda-3,13(14)-diene-15-oic acid, (13Z)-2-oxo-5β,10β-cis-17α,20β-cleroda-3,13(14)-diene-15-oic acid, 3,4β-epoxy-5β-10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-15-oic acid, 16-hydroxy-3,4β-epoxy-5β,10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-15-ol, 8β-5′-[5″-hydroxytigloyloxy]-tigloyloxy-3-dehydro-4β,15-dihydrozaluzanin C, 8β-5′-[5″-hydroxytigloyloxy]-tigloyloxy-4β,15-dihydrozaluzanin C, 4′-desoxy-3-desacetoxy-3β-hydroxyprovincialin, 5′-[5″-hydroxytigloyloxy]-5′-hydroxyheliangine, 3β-acetoxyliacylindrolide, 6-eudesmene-4α-ol, 6,15α-epoxy-1β,4β-dihydroxyeudesmane, and 3,4β-epoxy-5β,10β-cis-17α,20α-cleroda-13(14)-en-15,16-olide were identified from Ageratina saltillensis (Yu et al. 1986). The labdane diterpenoids (−)-(5S,9S,10S,13S)-labd-7-en-15-oic acid, methyl (−)-(5S,9S,10S,13S)-labd-7-en-15-oate, (+)-(5S,8R,9R,10S,13R)-8-hydroxylabdan-15-oic acid, and (−)-(5S,9S,10S,13Z)-labda-7,13-dien-15-oic, (+)-(5S,8R,9R,10S,13R)-8-hydroxylabdan-15-oate, methyl (+)-5S,10S,13S)-labd-8-en-15-oate, and methyl (+)-(5S,10S,13R)-labd-8-en-15-oate were separated from A. jocotepecana and showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus (García-Sánchez et al. 2014). The p-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives and diterpenes including six new ent-clerodanes were afforded from Ageratina ixiocladon (Tamayo-Castillo et al. 1989); β-D-glucopyranosyl ester of (−)-17-(β-glucopiranosyloxyl)-16-hydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid from Ageratina vacciniaefolia (Ding et al. 1991; Wu and Yang 1994; Torrenegra et al. 1999); and 9-oxo-ageraphorone, 9β-hydroxy-ageraphorone, epifriedelinol, stigmasterol, octacosanoic acid, β-daucosterol, O-hydroxy cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and 2-isopropenyl-5-acetyl-6-hydroxy benzofuran acetate have been identified from E. adenophorum(Zhengfang et al. 1997).
Carvacrol, ageraborniol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 5-acethyl-3β-angeloxy-2,3-dihydro-2β-(1-hydroxy-isopropyl)-1-benzofuran, 2,2-dimethyl-7-methoxy-2H-1-chromene, 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-5,4′-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy flavones (Bohlmann and Fiedler 1978; Tamayo-Castillo et al. 1989; Herz 2003), 8-β-hydroxy-13-epi-ent-labdan-15-oic acid, 16-α-hydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid, 5-hydroxy-6-7-4′-trimethoxy flavone, 5-hydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxy flavone (Morales and Rosquete 1988; Morales and Rosquete 1990), hardwickiic acid, tremetone and the other benzofuran ketones, jhanol, and jhanidiol have been identified from A. jahnii (Lee et al. 2010; Davis et al. 2015). Epifriedelinol, stigmasterol, stigmasterol acetate, octamethylpicen-3-ol, octacosanoic acid, 8-daucosterol, 2-isopropenyl-5-acetyl-6-hydroxy benzofuran acetate, O-hydroxy einnamic acid (Zhu et al. 1995; Ma et al. 2015), α-dotriacontane, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and taraxasteryl palmitate, taraxasteryl acetate (Xu et al. 1988; Xie et al. 2010), and 5,6-dihydroxycadinan-3-ene-2,7-dione from E. adenophorum Spreng exhibited antinemic activity (Kundu et al. 2016).
9β-Hydroxy-ageraphorone, fenvalerate, 9-oxo-ageraphorone, 9-oxo-10,11-dehydro-ageraphorone, 5-O-trans-o-coumaroylquinic acid methyl ester, chlorogenic acid methyl ester, macranthoin F, and macranthoin G were separated from A. adenophora and possess insecticidal property (Zhang et al. 2013). Thymol derivatives such as hydroxypiperitol glucoside, germacranolides, 7,9-di-isobutyryloxy-8-ethoxythymol, 7-acetoxy-8-methoxy-9-isobutyryloxythymol, 7,9-di-isobutyryloxy-8-methoxythymol, 9-oxoageraphorone, (−)-isochaminic acid and (1α,6α)-10-hydroxycar-3-ene-2-one, and provincialin were identified from Ageratina anisochroma (Tamayo-Castillo et al. 1988; Tori et al. 2001; Dong et al. 2017). Phenolic compounds such as 7-hydroxy-8,9-dehydrothymol 9-O-trans-ferulate, 7-hydroxythymol 9-O-trans-ferulate, 7,8-dihydroxythymol 9-O-trans-ferulate, 7,8-dihydroxythymol 9-O-cis-ferulate, methyl (7R)-3-deoxy-4,5-epoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate 8-O-trans-p-coumarate, methyl (7R)-3-deoxy-4,5-epoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonate 8-O-cis-p-coumarate, and 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl methyl malonate were isolated from ethanolic extract of the roots of A. adenophora (Zhou et al. 2013).
