78.2 Irregular 14‐day embryonic vesicle just after manual disruption....Figure 78.3 Two embryos adjacent to each other prior to separation and reduc...65 Chapter 79Figure 79.1 Hand, uterus, and transvaginal probe orientation for aspiration....Figure 79.2 Needle extended from the needle guide (small arrow). Needle exte...
66 Chapter 80Figure 80.1 Position of fingers for side to side manipulation for the disrup...Figure 80.2 Position of fingers to cause dislocation of the cranium from the...Figure 80.3 Placenta from a mare after cranio‐cervical dislocation to elimin...
67 Chapter 81Figure 81.1 (a) Static image captured from a transrectal ultrasound video sh...
68 Chapter 82Figure 82.1 Ultrasound needle guide made with a shortened 14 gauge catheter ...Figure 82.2 Transabdominal fetal cardiac puncture. The light white line depi...Figure 82.3 (a) Heart chambers (black arrows) filled with hyperechoic penici...
69 Chapter 84Figure 84.1 Abortion due to a twin pregnancy.Figure 84.2 Twisted umbilical cord as a cause of abortion in a mare. Note ed...
70 Chapter 85Figure 85.1 Reproductive physiology of the pregnant mare. CL, corpus luteum;...Figure 85.2 Concentrations of equine chorionic gonadotropin (pregnant mare s...
71 Chapter 86Figure 86.1 Mare with numerous varicose veins (arrows) near the vestibulo‐va...Figure 86.2 Mare with numerous varicose veins in the inner aspect of the ves...Figure 86.3 Laser endoscopic ablation of varicose veins surrounding the vest...Figure 86.4 The same mare shown in Figures 86.3 and 86.4, 1.5 years after la...
72 Chapter 87Figure 87.1 Palpation of the mare once recumbent to reorientate the location...Figure 87.2 Start of the rolling procedure with one or two people standing o...Figure 87.3 Rolling of the mare from right lateral recumbency to left latera...
73 Chapter 88Figure 88.1 Two fingers placed inside the vulva to separate the labia in pre...Figure 88.2 Metzenbaum scissors can be used to open a Caslick vulvoplasty.Figure 88.3 Final milk calcium levels in 120 mares prior to foaling.Figure 88.4 Relationship between the number of foalings and time of day. Mos...
74 Chapter 89Figure 89.1 Collection of mammary secretions.Figure 89.2 Titration instrument immersed in milk with dye. Gentle pushing o...Figure 89.3 Milk calcium content of 125 ppm using a milk titration test kit....Figure 89.4 Milk titration test kit results from a mare over 11 days startin...Figure 89.5 Dipping a test strip into a glass vial of diluted milk to evalua...Figure 89.6 All five boxes have changed color (upper strip) indicating a hig...
75 Chapter 90Figure 90.1 pH indicator strips (range 5.5 to 8.0) that may be used to deter...Figure 90.2 pH meter being used to determine the pH of a milk sample.Figure 90.3 Comparison of pH and calcium carbonate levels in the mammary flu...
76 Chapter 91Figure 91.1 Hard‐wired black and white camera monitoring a foaling stall.Figure 91.2 Web‐cam on a foaling stall as viewed on a smart phone.Figure 91.3 Mounted video camera.
77 Chapter 92Figure 92.1 Base receiver (left) and auto dialer (right) along with blue and...Figure 92.2 Foalert® device in a mare at 300 days’ gestation with a pur...Figure 92.3 Foalert® device; the pregnant mare partially rubbed out the...
78 Chapter 93Figure 93.1 Breeder Alert® system with a main unit and autodialer, repe...Figure 93.2 Mare wearing a Breeder Alert® transmitter (arrow).Figure 93.3 Breeder Alert® transmitter.
79 Chapter 94Figure 94.1 Mare lifting her tail after the administration of oxytocin to in...Figure 94.2 Mare sweating after the administration of oxytocin to induce lab...Figure 94.3 Mare in stage 2 of parturition with the amnion presented at the ...
80 Chapter 95Figure 95.1 Ventral edema plaque in a later term pregnant mare.Figure 95.2 Mare in stage 1 of labor. Note the extended stance and steam ris...Figure 95.3 Mare in stage 1 labor. The mare is flagging her tail up and down...Figure 95.4 Mare in stage 2 of parturition with the amnion presented at the ...Figure 95.5 Mare in stage 2 labor. The first foot appears covered by amnion....Figure 95.6 Mare in stage 2 labor. The foal’s right front foot (small black ...Figure 95.7 Mare in stage 2 labor. (a) The foal’s nose is about even with th...Figure 95.8 Mare in stage 2 labor. Note that the foal’s chest has passed the...Figure 95.9 Mare in stage 2 labor. The foal is completely delivered with the...
81 Chapter 96Figure 96.1 Amnion protruding through the vulva during a normal foaling.Figure 96.2 Intact chorioallantoic membrane protruding through the vulva, in...Figure 96.3 Another example of premature placental separation. The brick‐red...Figure 96.4 Ultrasound showing slight separation of the chorioallantoic memb...Figure 96.5 Ultrasound showing massive separation of the chorioallantoic mem...
82 Chapter 97Figure 97.1 Premature placental separation (“red bag”) with the intact chori...Figure 97.2 Applying traction to a fetus in a mare exhibiting uterine inerti...Figure 97.3 Elevation of the hind end of a mare to facilitate examination an...
83 Chapter 98Figure 98.1 Elbow lock. Note the retained right front leg of the foal with t...Figure 98.2 Grasping the foal by the orbital rims using the thumb and middle...Figure 98.3 Grasping the foal by the nostrils using the thumb and middle fin...Figure 98.4 Grasping the inter‐mandibular space behind the incisors to hold ...Figure 98.5 Proper placement of a head snare over the poll, behind the ears,...Figure 98.6 Placement of a snare over the lower jaw.Figure 98.7 Congenital contracted tendons leading to dystocia in a mare.Figure 98.8 Retention of both fore limbs in an equine dystocia.
84 Chapter 99Figure 99.1 Fetotomy equipment: A, Krey hook; B, dystocia chains; C, obstetr...Figure 99.2 Head of a fetotome demonstrating a loop of fetotomy wire passed ...Figure 99.3 Handle end of the fetotome with a wire threader pulling the feto...Figure 99.4 Curved wire introducer. This model has a weighted head that scre...Figure 99.5 Wire handles in a closed position holding a fetotomy wire in bet...Figure 99.6 Embryotomy knife held in an open position. The thumb would be pl...Figure 99.7 Krey hook in an open position with an obstetrical chain attached...Figure 99.8 Placement of the fetotome for removal of the head and neck. The ...Figure 99.9 Fetotomy cut through the mid‐carpal region.Figure 99.10 Fetotomy cut through the mid‐tarsal region.Figure 99.11 Placement of the fetotome for removal of the front limb. The he...Figure 99.12 Placement of the fetotome for removal of a hind limb. The head ...
85 Chapter 100Figure 100.1 Location for the placement of an epidural. While raising and lo...Figure 100.2 Hanging drop technique – notice the drop in the hub of the need...Figure 100.3 Administration of the epidural.
86 Chapter 101Figure 101.1 A hand‐held manual milking device for mares (Ultimate Ez Milker...
87 Chapter 102Figure 102.1 Foal wearing a muzzle to prevent nursing. The mare was positive...
88 Chapter 103Figure 103.1 Components of the colostrometer design 1. The arrow is pointing...Figure 103.2 Floating the colostrometer design 1 inside a graduated cylinder...Figure 103.3 Reading the specific gravity of the colostrum using the colostr...Figure 103.4 Colostrometer design 2 floating in a graduated cylinder full of...Figure 103.5 Detailed view of the colostrometer design 2 floating in distill...
89 Chapter 104Figure 104.1 Brix refractometer.Figure 104.2 Placing a drop of colostrum on the prism of a Brix refractomete...Figure 104.3 View through the refractometer. The Brix score for this colostr...
90 Chapter 105Figure 105.1 Manual collection of colostrum into a plastic measuring cup. No...Figure 105.2 Collection of colostrum using an inverted 60 ml syringe.Figure 105.3 Straining colostrum through a cotton gauze filter.
91 Chapter 106Figure 106.1 Hand milking a mare.Figure 106.2 Use of a hand‐made milk pump.Figure 106.3 A hand‐held manual milking device for mares (Ultimate Ez Milker...
92 Chapter
