136.3 Stallion spermatozoa with proximal cytoplasmic droplet (large a...120 Chapter 137Figure 137.1 Stallion spermatozoa stained with Diff‐Quik® stain. Note t...Figure 137.2 Stallion spermatozoa stained with Diff‐Quik® stain with di...
121 Chapter 138Figure 138.1 Transmission electron micrographs of equine spermatozoa showing...Figure 138.2 Transmission electron micrograph of a cross‐section of the prin...Figure 138.3 Transmission electron micrographs of exfoliated degenerative ep...
122 Chapter 139Figure 139.1 Sites for the collection of culture samples from the penis (lar...Figure 139.2 Glans penis of a stallion after teasing, demonstrating pre‐ejac...
123 Chapter 140Figure 140.1 Measurement of pH of a sample of stallion raw semen.Figure 140.2 Measurement of osmolality of a sample of stallion semen.
124 Chapter 142Figure 142.1 The tube on the left is from a stallion with a normal ejaculate...Figure 142.2 Evaluation of urea nitrogen in semen samples from a stallion us...Figure 142.3 A urospermic stallion’s ejaculate after centrifugation. The spe...
125 Chapter 143Figure 143.1 (a) Blood exiting the urethra of a stallion with hemospermia an...Figure 143.2 (a, b) Small lesions (arrows) on the glans penis resulting in h...Figure 143.3 (a) Lesion on the distal urethral process (arrow) and (b) squam...Figure 143.4 (a, b) Rents in the proximal urethra of two stallions with hemo...
126 Chapter 144Figure 144.1 Two types of extenders commonly used to dilute equine semen.
127 Chapter 145Figure 145.1 Addition of extender to semen.
128 Chapter 146Figure 146.1 A Whirl‐Pak® labeled with the stallion’s name and date of ...Figure 146.2 Heat‐sealed bag. Notice that the bag was sealed twice (arrows) ...Figure 146.3 Technique for removal of air from bag. The bag is draped over a...Figure 146.4 Two Equitainer® freezer cans ready to be loaded into an Eq...Figure 146.5 Equitainer® freezer cans should be stored in the freezer a...Figure 146.6 Loading the freezer cans into the Equitainer®.Figure 146.7 This insulated isothermalizer cup is designed to hold semen pac...Figure 146.8 Insulated isothermalizer cup being loaded on top of coolant can...Figure 146.9 This isothermalizer cup is designed to hold two 50 ml conical t...Figure 146.10 Include documentation that identifies the semen donor and the ...Figure 146.11 An Equitainer® sealed and ready for shipment.Figure 146.12 One dose of semen loaded into a labeled, air‐tight syringe.Figure 146.13 One dose of semen packaged into an air‐tight syringe and loade...Figure 146.14 Disposable shipper loaded with the ice pack in place.Figure 146.15 Disposable shipper with the lid in place.
129 Chapter 148Figure 148.1 Measuring the rotating radius of a centrifuge from the center o...Figure 148.2 Nomograph for calculating the g force from known revolutions pe...
130 Chapter 149Figure 149.1 Balancing centrifuge tubes on a scale.Figure 149.2 Location of centrifuge tubes opposite each other to balance the...Figure 149.3 Sperm pellet after centrifugation of 1.0 billion spermatozoa di...Figure 149.4 Aspiration of the supernatant after centrifugation using a pipe...Figure 149.5 Use of a sink aspiration unit to remove the supernatant after c...Figure 149.6 Pellet (arrow) from a stallion with urospermia after centrifuga...
131 Chapter 150Figure 150.1 Sperm pellet (arrow) between the supernatant of seminal plasma/...Figure 150.2 Aspiration of the cushion below the sperm pellet using a tomcat...
132 Chapter 151Figure 151.1 EquiPure™ and AndroCollTM equine products for single layer cent...Figure 151.2 Layering of extended semen (yellow layer) over a density gradie...Figure 151.3 Pellet (arrow) formed after centrifugation through a density gr...
133 Chapter 152Figure 152.1 Equipment for semen filtration (SpermFilter*)Figure 152.2 Sperm is placed on a surface with a 30‐degree inclination.Figure 152.3 Sperm concentrated on the filter.Figure 152.4 Washing the filter membrane for sperm recovery using a semen ex...
134 Chapter 153Figure 153.1 Sperm pellet (arrow) between the cushion (the clear layer at th...Figure 153.2 Aspirate the supernatant above the sperm pellet after centrifug...Figure 153.3 Label the straws with the stallion’s name, date, extender, faci...Figure 153.4 Loading five 0.5 ml straws using a manual straw‐filling device....Figure 153.5 Automated straw‐filling machine loading straws with extended se...Figure 153.6 Removal of a small amount of extended semen from 0.5 ml straws ...Figure 153.7 Sealing the open end of loaded semen straws with straw sealant....Figure 153.8 Loading straws of extended semen onto a floating rack prior to ...Figure 153.9 Racks of loaded straws in a refrigerator for pre‐cooling prior ...Figure 153.10 Straws on a rack placed in a freezing box above liquid nitroge...
135 Chapter 154Figure 154.1 Selecting a straw to thaw while immersed in a bath of liquid ni...Figure 154.2 Loading straws onto a floating rack.
136 Chapter 155Figure 155.1 Frost line inside the neck of a semen tank (black arrow). Make ...Figure 155.2 Organizational scheme for the storage of semen showing a canist...Figure 155.3 Commercial straw cutter. Make sure to clean the internal aspect...
137 Chapter 157Figure 157.1 Filling supplies, showing thermo‐protective gloves (A), a funne...Figure 157.2 Mushroom top protective shipping container (with the vapor ship...Figure 157.3 Square protective container with a vapor shipper in place.Figure 157.4 View inside a vapor shipper demonstrating the mesh in the lower...Figure 157.5 Liquid nitrogen vapor “puff” in a charged dewar.
138 Chapter 158Figure 158.1 Frost line in a long‐term storage tank.
139 Chapter 159Figure 159.1 Frost line on a measuring stick. The level of liquid nitrogen i...Figure 159.2 Semen tank on rollers.
140 Chapter 161Figure 161.1 The vas deferens should be ligated as proximally as possible (l...
141 Chapter 162Figure 162.1 Isolated vas deferens (with hemostat attached) and tail of the ...Figure 162.2 Flushing of the vas deferens and tail of the epididymis.
142 Chapter 163Figure 163.1 Bulbo‐urethral gland ducts (arrow) viewed through a videoendosc...Figure 163.2 Seminal colliculus viewed through a videoendoscope; discharge i...Figure 163.3 Internal urethral orifice (arrow) viewed through a videoendosco...Figure 163.4 Urethral tear (arrow) in a stallion viewed through a videoendos...Figure 163.5 Cannulation of the seminal colliculus. The endoscope can be pas...
143 Chapter 164Figure 164.1 Videoendoscopic view of the seminal colliculus of a stallion wi...Figure 164.2 Cannulation of the affected seminal vesicle.
144 Chapter 165Figure 165.1 Anatomy of the testis, epididymis, and spermatic cord. Source: ...Figure 165.2 Testis, epididiymis, and ductus deferens (vas deferens).Figure 165.3 Normal echodenisty of an equine testicle. Testicular height can...Figure 165.4 Testicular tumor from a 21‐year‐old stallion with unilaterally ...Figure 165.5 Testicle from the stallion in Figure 165.4 demonstrating diffus...Figure 165.6 Hydrocele (large arrow) with fibrin tags (small arrow) in a sta...Figure 165.7 Stallion with a swollen scrotum, orchitis, and hydrocele (same ...Figure 165.8 Ultrasound image of a small cryptorchid testis (arrows).Figure 165.9 Cryptorchid testis after surgical removal. The coin in the figu...
145 Chapter 166Figure 166.1 Anatomy of the accessory sex glands of the stallion. Source: Fr...Figure 166.2 Sagittal (longitudinal) view of the normal ampulla denoted by t...Figure 166.3 Transverse view (cross‐section) of the normal ampulla denoted b...Figure 166.4 Sagittal (longitudinal) view of the normal vesicular gland outl...Figure 166.5 Sagittal (longitudinal) view of the normal prostate outlined by...Figure 166.6 Inspissated semen within an artificial vagina liner after the c...Figure 166.7 Inspissated semen plug after the clearance of an ampullar block...
146 Chapter 168Figure 168.1 Biopsy of a stallion testes using a Tru‐Cut®
