Source: From. Lussier, R.N, and Achua, C.F. (2015) Leadership: Theory, Application, Skill Development Cincinnati, OH: South‐Western College Publishing.)
1 What would a health care organization be like if it more closely resembled a self‐organizing system and more holistic environment? How different would it be from a bureaucratic and more structured organization?
2 As nurses have become more self‐directed, what kind of leadership practices are most effective?
3 What quality improvement projects are nurses in your work setting involved in? How is evidence being used to improve nursing practice? What sources of evidence from nursing science are you exploring through journals, attending educational conferences, the Internet, and participating in professional nursing associations?
DISCUSSION POINTS
How can you use the characteristics, models, and theories presented in this chapter to recognize the leadership behaviors and styles of leading displayed by the nurses you work with such as your nurse manager, your charge nurse, and the most experienced nurses in your setting?
Consider the differences between management and leadership and begin to note when you observe managing functions and when you observe leadership.
Why do you think it is important to learn about leadership as a nurse?
DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO
1 What leadership characteristics did Maria demonstrate in preventing a nurse‐sensitive outcome of cardiac arrest?'
2 Why is Maria considered a leader, even though she is not in a leadership or management position?Maria is not in a formal leadership or management position, yet she is considered a leader because she is a Knowledge Worker and is educated with specialized knowledge and expertise. This positions Maria to lead not only herself as a professional but also to assume leadership in guiding patients and families toward the goal of health.
EXPLORING THE WEB
Search the Web, checking the following sites:
American Association of Critical Care Nurse's Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments: www.aacn.org. Under Priority Issues, click Healthy Work Environments. Accessed April 25, 2019. How does your unit or clinical site measure up to the standards?
www.mindtools.com. Essential skills in leadership, management, and personal effectiveness to assist in building an excellent career. Accessed February 19, 2019. Take a leadership test and see how you measure up.
American Organization of Nurse Executives Competencies: www.aone.org Click Resource Center and then click AONE Nurse Exec Competencies. Accessed December 3, 2019. What competencies surprised you?
American Nurses Association Magnet Status Hospitals: www.nursecredentialing.org. Accessed March 4, 2019. Is your hospital Magnet? If not, what improvements could be made to move in that direction?
This site on classic management functions can keep you busy all week: http://www.1000ventures.com Review your character and personality and click on other areas of interest. Accessed April 5, 2019.
Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence Based Nursing: www.joannabriggs.edu.au Accessed February 18, 2019. Search for evidence in your area of interest.
INFORMATICS
1 Find the American Nurses Association Magnet Status Hospitals: www.nursecredentialing.org. Accessed February 19, 2019. Go to ANCC and then scroll down to Certification. Find and read the information on Certification in Informatics and Certification for Nurse Executives.
2 Find the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) web site at www.ihi.org. Accessed February 25, 2019. Go to online learning and find the Leadership 101 course Introduction to Health Care Leadership. Register for a free account at IHI to explore the leadership lessons and consider all the relevant resources on this site.
3 Go to http://qsen.org Accessed April 1, 2019. Click on QSTUDENT and read, Leadership in Health Care.
LEAN BACK
To what extent will using nursing leadership, management, and motivation concepts provide you with the knowledge to learn how to work with people and understand situations at work?
How can the knowledge gained about nursing leadership enable you to advocate for patients and families?
Leadership is about influencing others and leading change. Improving the way care is delivered is an ongoing challenge. How do effective leaders gain acceptance for needed changes?
REFERENCES
1 American Association of Critical Care Nurses. (2004). AACN standards for establishing and sustaining healthy work environments: A journey to excellence. Retrieved from www.aacn.org/WD/HWE/Docs/HWEStandards.pdf
2 American Nurses Association. (2020). ANA response to COVID‐19 Pandemic. www.nursingworlld.org/ractice-policy/work environment/healthsafety/disasterpreparedness/coronavirus/ana-covid-19statement. Accessed April, 2, 2020.
3 Argyris, C. (1964). Integrating the individual and the organization. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
4 Barker, A. (1990). Transformational nursing leadership: A vision for the future. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
5 Barnard, C. (1938). The functions of the executive. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.
6 Bass, B. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
7 Benner, P., Tanner, C., & Chesla, C. (2009). Expertise in nursing practice: Caring, clinical judgment, and ethics (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing.
8 Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
9 Burns, L. R., Bradley, E. H., & Weiner, B. J. (2020). Chapter 4: Motivating People. In Shortell & Kaluzny's health care management: Organization design and behavior (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
10 Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
11 Cassidy, V., & Koroll, C. (1998). Ethical aspects of transformational leadership. In E. Hein (Ed.), Contemporary leadership behavior: Selected readings (5th ed., pp. 79–82). Philadelphia, NJ: Lippincott.
12 Conger, J., & Kanungo, R.
