20. How their promises bind the sovereign,
21. In what cases their promises bind only themselves,
22. Their assumption of an authority which they do not possess,
23. How they bind their inferiors,
CHAPTER III Of the just Causes of War.
24. War never to be undertaken without very cogent reasons,
25. Justificatory reasons, and motives for making war,
26. What is in general a just cause of war,
29. Both justificatory reasons and proper motives requisite in undertaking a war,
30. Proper motives—vicious motives, <xliii>
31. War undertaken upon just grounds, but from vicious motives,
33. War undertaken merely for advantage,
34. Nations who make war without reason or apparent motives,
35. How defensive war is just or unjust,
36. How it may become just against an offensive war which was originally just,
37. How an offensive war is just in an evident cause,
39. War cannot be just on both sides,
41. War undertaken to punish a nation,
42. Whether the aggrandisement of a neighbouring power can authorise a war against him,
43. Alone, and of itself, it cannot give a right to attack him,
44. How the appearances of danger give that right,
45. Another case more evident,
46. Other allowable means of defence against a formidable power,
49. How he that destroys the equilibrium, may be restrained, or even weakened,
50. Behaviour allowable towards a neighbour preparing for war,
CHAPTER IV Of the Declaration of War,—and of War in due Form.
51. Declaration of war:—necessity thereof,
53. It is simple or conditional,
54. The right to make war ceases on the offer of equitable conditions,
55. Formalities of a declaration of war,
56. Other reasons for the necessity of its publication,
57. Defensive war requires no declaration,
58. When it may be omitted in an offensive war,
59. It is not to be omitted by way of retaliation,
61. Duty of the inhabitants on a foreign army’s entering a country before a declaration of war,
62. Commencement of hostilities,
64. Publication of the war, and manifestoes,
65. Decorum and moderation to be observed in the manifestoes,
66. What is a lawful war in due form,
67. It is to be distinguished from informal and unlawful war,
