OBI ; seal . Etymology disputed. Katō and Tōdō treat as 日 66 ‘day(s)’, with as phonetic meaning ‘pile up’. In Tōdō’s word-family ‘pile up, accumulate’. Thus ‘accumulated days’. Ma takes it as originally showing a flood; Shirakawa considers it originally to show dried meat, with sunlight used to dry; for both Ma and Shirakawa, the sense of ‘passing time’ is loan usage. KJ1970:614-5; TA1965:364-7; MR2007:354; SS1984:505; JA2000:437. Suggest the upper part as two ‘tens’ 十 35 and ‘one’ 一 1.
Mnemonic: TWENTY-ONE DAYS AGO IS THE PAST
347
L3
全
ZEN, mattaku
whole, complete
6 strokes
全部 ZENBU all
全身 ZENSHIN whole body
安全 ANZEN safety
Seal forms , . Generally taken as 王 5 ‘king’ or 工 125 ‘work’ standing for 玉 15 (‘jewel, jade, precious stone’), and 入 67 (‘enter’), here as phonetic with associated sense ‘beautiful, good’, giving overall meaning of ‘beautiful/unblemished jade or precious stone’, and by extension ‘complete’. KJ1970:637; MS1995:v1:98-9; YK1976:320-21.
Mnemonic: THE KING IS COMPLETE WITH HIS CAP
348
L3
相
SŌ, SHŌ, ai-
mutual, aspect, minister
9 strokes
相談 SŌDAN discussion
相手 aite other party
首相 SHUSHŌ Prime Minister
OBI ; bronze . Either taken as 目 76 ‘eye’, with 木 73 ‘tree’ (Qiu, Shirakawa), or 目 with 桑 1632 ‘mulberry’ (Mizukami, Katō, Ogawa, Yamada). Former view gives overall meaning of ‘look at/examine a tree’, and more generally ‘look/examine’; the latter takes 木 as standing for 桑 on the basis of historical Chinese sound correspondences, taking the latter as phonetic with associated sense ‘see (clearly) right inside’. Other meanings such as ‘mutual’, ‘help’, ‘minister’ may be seen as loan usages. QX2000:192, 215-6; SS1984:540; MS1995:v2:916-7; KJ1970:428-9; OT1968:696; YK1976:327; AS2007:531, 450.
Mnemonic: MINISTER EYES TREE, TREE EYES MINISTER – IT’S MUTUAL
349
L4
送
SŌ, okuru
send
9 strokes
放送 HŌSŌ broadcast
送金 SŌKIN remittance
見送る miokuru see off
Bronze forms , ; seal ; traditional 送. Has 辶 85 ‘go, walk’, and / . Top right element of seal is properly not 火 8 ‘fire’ (miscopied at seal script stage) but ‘pestle’ (seen in bronze), with associated sense ‘continue’ (Katō, Yamada) or ‘push’ (Mizukami). Original meaning of graph: ‘walk behind along a road, or follow behind husband’; ‘send’ is an extended sense. Suggest take right side as 70 ‘eight’, but here in its meaning of ‘out’, and 天 62 ‘heaven’. MS1995:v2:1288-9; KJ1970:644; YK1976:326-7.
Mnemonic: SENT OUT OF HEAVEN!
350
L3
想
SŌ, SO
idea, thought
13 strokes
着想 CHAKUSŌ concept
理想 RISŌ ideal
愛想 AISO/AISŌ affability
A late graph (Shuowen); seal form: . Has 心 164 ‘heart, mind’, and 相 348 (‘mutual’ qv) as phonetic and semantic meaning ‘see, examine’, to give overall sense ‘see in one’s mind, think’. OT1968:382; YK1976:329; KJ1970:551. We suggest taking 相 as its literal components 木 73 ‘tree’ and 目 76 ‘eye, look’.
