Enneagram For Dummies. Jeanette van Stijn

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three types in the head center are Types 5, 6, and 7. (They are also referred to in abbreviated form as the head types.) The types in the gut center are Types 8, 9, and 1 — the gut types, in other words. The types in the heart center are types 2, 3, and 4 — the heart types.

The American psychologist Mary Horney (1855-1952) named three methods by which people try to overcome their fears in life: submissiveness (toward others), hostility (toward others), and differentiation (away from others). This corresponds to the Enneagram centers — namely, the heart center (moving toward), gut center (moving against), and head center (moving away). You can see this concept in Figure 3-1.

      

Just because someone belongs to the heart center doesn’t mean that this person has more feelings or is more sensitive than the types aligned with other centers. Nor are the head types more intelligent. The decisive point is that, for the types of a particular center, the respective function (thinking, feeling, acting) is predominant and plays a significant role in the type mechanism in one way or another. An imbalance generally occurs between thinking, feeling, and acting. You should explore the centers and recognize them because they offer a reference point for self-observation. It often helps your development if you create more balance among your various centers.

      FIGURE 3-1: The three centers of knowledge.

      HEAD TYPES

      The head types (5, 6, 7) are all directed toward understanding and explaining, analyzing, and developing practical ideas and concepts. Keep in mind that everyone sees the world primarily through some kind of mental filter. For the three head types, that filter lies in the value they place on independence, each in their own way. They also share an inclination to differentiate themselves (moving away). When something unsettling happens, for example, they tend to move away. The goal of this unconscious strategy is to minimize worries, gain control of potentially painful situations, and thus gain a sense of safety. This is carried out via the mental processes of deliberation, projection, conception, and planning.

      

The head types often have a subliminal sense that something isn’t right. This can (literally or figuratively) be a lack of space, safety, or freedom. This sense of lack can also be directed against oneself: feeling that you aren’t good enough or thinking of yourself as incompetent or as a social-emotional failure. However, this perception might be quite far from reality.

      

The apartment where Alice (Type 5) lives is virtually a library. She reads four or five lengthy books each week. The people around her consider her to be an educated, intelligent person. Alice herself sees this differently. With everything that she reads and learns, she also discovers how much more still remains to read and learn. In the process, she finds out that she doesn’t know enough of what one could know during one’s lifetime and in the world.

      GUT TYPES

      Gut types have an innate talent when it comes to listening to their bodies. Thoughts are experienced in the head, feelings in the heart, and perceptions in the body. These can be pleasant perceptions, such as the sun on the skin or the warmth of a touch, but also less enjoyable ones, like tension. The gut types value their autonomy, each in their own way. They share an inclination toward confrontation (moving against). When something happens, they have a tendency to fight it. Gut types use their personal position and strength to shape life the way it must be. They develop strategies to secure their place in the world and minimize unpleasantness. The idea of borders is a significant (unconscious) thematic for them, in the sense that they either don’t actually experience boundaries or are unaware of their own boundaries.

      Internally, gut types often experience a subliminal sense of resistance, especially when their (unconscious) boundaries are crossed. This resistance can be expressed in ways that seem either steadfast, passive-aggressive, or controlling. Just as the head types share a subliminal feeling of a lack or of personal failure, the three gut types often feel worthless or guilty because of some failure on their part. This is why their goal is often to be of value to others.

      

Stan (Type 8) instinctively perceives who has power. He wants to measure himself against that person, to pick a fight to garner respect and to see how they stand in relation to each other. This fight lets Stan experience his own strength, and that feels good. It makes him feel alive. When the situation calls for it, Stan can literally make himself bigger and stronger. And when he does that, the people in his surroundings often make themselves smaller. When he perceives his own power and strength, the danger exists that Stan no longer senses the power and strength of others. He underestimates his opponent, and this has caused him difficulties more than once.

      HEART TYPES

      The heart types (2, 3, 4) are all focused on themes of the heart: love, relationships, affection, the social environment, the people around them. They perceive the world through the filter of emotional intelligence. The three heart types value recognition, each in their own way. They want to pay attention or gain attention and be seen doing so. They like moving toward people. The strategy of heart types consists of adapting to the moods and feelings of others to gain a sense of connection with the other person. More than the other types, they trust and lean on appreciation and respect from others to maintain their sense of self-esteem and to feel loved. To preserve this appreciation and respect, they create an image of themselves that is meant to persuade others to accept them and see them as special. They are focused on a connection with others, on relationships.

      

Heart types often have a tendency to feel ashamed precisely because they always have their antennas up for how others see them.

      

Tim (Type 4) avoids goodbyes. He often leaves without even saying goodbye, for example. To him, the moment of leaving a beloved person feels as though they were being torn apart. He perceives the other person as a part of himself. The feeling of having a deep connection with the other is what keeps him alive. The moment that such a connection ends can therefore feel as though Tim’s life itself were ending and he no longer has air to breathe.

      The rule of threes refers to the forces

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