The Complete Guide to Japanese Kanji. Kenneth G. Henshall
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gate, door
8 strokes
正門 SEIMON main gate
門番 MONBAN doorman
門出 kadode departure
Based on pictograph of a closed double gate or door; OBI form
Mnemonic: A DOUBLE-DOORED GATE
232
L4
夜
YA, yo, yoru
night
8 strokes
夜行性 YAKŌSEI nocturnal
夜明け yoake dawn
夜昼 yoruhiru night and day
Bronze form
Mnemonic: PERSON PUTS TOP HAT ON AT NIGHT TO AVOID MOON-STROKE
233
L4
野
YA, no
moor, wild
11 strokes
野生 YASEI wild
野球 YAKYŪ baseball
野原 nohara moor, field
The graph made up of these elements can be traced back only as far as the seal script (Shuowen). It comprises 里 238 ‘village’, and 予 425 (‘already’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘calm, quiet’. KJ1970:874; MS1995:v2:1356; YK1976:474.
Mnemonic: VILLAGE ALREADY BUILT ON WILD MOOR
234
L5
友
YŪ, tomo
friend
4 strokes
友人 YŪJIN friend
友情 YŪJŌ friendship
友達 tomodachi friend
OBI form
Mnemonic: TWO HANDS TOGETHER IS A SIGN OF FRIENDSHIP
235
L4
用
YŌ, mochiiru
use
5 strokes
用事 YŌJI business
用意 YŌI preparation
悪用 AKUYŌ abuse
OBI form
Mnemonic: MAKE USE OF A FENCE
236
L4
曜
YŌ
day of week, shine
18 strokes
曜日 YŌbi day of week
火曜日 KAYŌbi Tuesday
七曜 SHICHIYŌ days of week
Late graph, not in Shuowen. Noted in late 6th century AD Yupian as having same meaning as 燿 (NJK), i.e. ‘shine’, and Yamada and Katō treat 隹 324 (‘bird’) as phonetic with associated sense ‘shine’. Morohashi, though, explains the Japanese-only sense ‘day of the week’ as: ‘shine’/‘bright’ 明 228, which gives 日 66 ‘sun’ and 月 18 ‘moon’, to which was added the traditional five-planet group 火水木金土 (Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn respectively); each of these seven then combines with 曜 to give 日曜 ‘Sunday’, 月曜 ‘Monday’, and so on. KJ1970:84; YK1976:486; MT1989:v5:945. Suggest taking 日 in its two meanings of sun and day, and
Mnemonic: SUN WINGS ITS WAY LIKE A BIRD – ANOTHER DAY PASSES
237
L5
来
RAI, kuru, kitaru/su
come
7 strokes
来月 RAIGETSU next month
新来者 SHINRAISHA newcomer
出来事 dekigoto occurrence
Traditional 來; OBI
Mnemonic: WHEAT COMES TO BE TEN GRAINS OF RICE!?
238
L1